Relations

Each country has an opinion of every other country that it knows of, expressed as a numerical value (which ranges from -200 to +200) and a descriptive attitude (which indicates an overall "mood" and general intentions). A country's Relations with another determine how likely it is to hurt or help the other country, such as by entering agreements with it or joining coalitions against it. Relations are shaped by diplomatic actions, the countries' relative power, their proximity, their recent wars, their religions, the casus belli that they have against each other, and events. As such, how country A views country B is sometimes very different from how country B views country A.

Attitude

The player can learn about another nation's view of their nation by hovering over the small symbol in the diplomacy screen next to the numerical representation of their view of the player's nation. Attitudes are affected by a number of factors, including opinion level, aggressive expansion, the distance between two countries and whether they border, and their relative military strengths. For example, a nation usually will not have the outraged attitude towards a nation it has a positive opinion of.

The attitude of a nation affects its willingness to accept diplomatic proposals, manifesting as modifiers that affect the decision of AI nations during diplomacy. For example, nations with the hostile attitude will almost never agree to an alliance even if mutual opinions are positive.

While the descriptions below refer to the player, AI nations also have attitudes towards other AI nations.

• Neutral: This is the default attitude for nations far away from the player's. If a nation views the player as neutral, war can happen under certain circumstances; however, a good relationship with these nations can often prevent this.
• Hostile: This nation wants to fight the player, either to conquer land or break free from them. Unlike rivalry or outraged, this attitude is more opportunistic, and the nation may switch to another attitude if the player no longer appears as an appealing target. Growing in military strength or improving mutual opinions may change this attitude.
• Rivalry: If a nation sees the player as their rival, they will want to destroy the player and will be very unlikely to change their opinion. In contrast to someone who is outraged or simply in a military alliance against the player, a rival will be the player's enemy for the foreseeable future. A nation will stop being a rival if it becomes either far weaker or far stronger than the player's nation.
• Outraged: If a nation is outraged by the player's behaviour, they will actively seek to destroy the player. These nations are an enemy and will be so as long as the reasons for the outrage are present. They will very likely join a coalition against the player. Then they will revert to their "normal" view of the player. This attitude is linked to a high aggressive expansion modifier towards the player's nation and will change if aggressive expansion decreases.
• Ally: This nation views the player as an ally.
  • Defensive: This nation views the player as an ally in a defensive alliance. They are less likely to join offensive wars, however, unless they strongly dislike the target (especially if they're rivals). However this attitude will not deter the AI ally from joining your offensive wars, unlike the threatened attitude, which will give −120 reasons to join your wars.
  • Friendly: This nation views the player as a natural ally. They will not declare war on the player, and are unlikely to join their allies in a war against the player as long the diplomatic landscape doesn't change significantly, even if relations are bad. These nations will seek to ally with the player. Nations that regard the player as a historical friend are predisposed to hold the friendly attitude towards the player.
  • Protective: This nation wants to guard the player's nation—by diplomatically vassalizing them. It will guarantee the player's nation and defend it from enemies, easily accepting alliances though possibly as a prelude to vassalization, but also usually refusing to partake in any offensive wars.
  • Loyal: This subject nation views the player positively, has low liberty desire, and will cooperate in times of war and be little inclined to declare independence.
  • Disloyal: This subject nation views the player negatively or with hostility, has high liberty desire, will refuse to participate in wars, defend the player's land or pay taxes, and is more inclined to declare independence.
  • Rebellious: This subject nation views the player as weak and unjust, and will be very likely to declare an independence war.
  • Overlord: This country views the player as one of its subjects.
  • Domineering: This nation feels like the player should be its subject nation and will pursue any attempt to make it that way. An allied nation that develops a domineering attitude toward the player will tend to break any alliances, as the domineering attitude gives -1000 reasons to stay in an alliance.
  • Threatened: If a nation feels threatened by the player they will seek safety in an alliance either against or with the player. This happens when the player is becoming relatively stronger than them. Here it is better to ally with them, because even though they fear the player they will often be ready to fight with them in a defensive war. However, they are still the player's enemy and will break the alliance as soon as the power landscape changes.
  • Unknown: The nation doesn't know the player exists, or else the nation is human-controlled and thus unpredictable.

  Attitude table

  Attitude	Antagonize	Annex	Weaken	Coalition	Warn	Vassalize	Ally	Befriend	Protect	Threat	Ignore
  Neutral	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	X
  Ally	-	-	-	-	-	-	X	X	X	-	-
  Hostile	X	X	-	-	X	-	-	-	-	-	-
  Rivalry	X	X	X	X	-	-	-	-	-	-
  Outraged	X	-	X	X	X	-	-	-	-	X	-
  Defensive	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	X	-	-	-
  Friendly	-	-	-	-	-	X	X	X	-	-	-
  Protective	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	X	-	-
  Loyal	-	-	-	-	-	-	X	X	-	-	-
  Disloyal	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
  Rebellious	X	X	-	-	-	X	-	-	-	X	-
  Overlord	-	-	-	-	-	X	X	X	X	-	-
  Domineering	X	-	-	-	X	-	-	-	-	-	-
  Threatened	-	-	X	-	-	-	X	X	-	X	-
  Unknown	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	X

  Table legend:

  • Antagonize: The AI considers them a potential target for war
  • Annex: The AI desires complete conquest of them
  • Weaken: The AI want to weaken them by releasing countries, allying/guaranteeing their neighbours, etc.
  • Coalition: The AI want to form a coalition against them (Applies for rivalry attitude if the rival has at least 50 Aggressive Expansion against the target nation)
  • Warn: The AI want to send warnings
  • Vassalize: The AI want to vassalize them
  • Ally: The AI actively desires an alliance with them
  • Befriend: The AI want to raise relations with them
  • Protect: The AI want to protect them
  • Threat: The AI want to protect themselves against them
  • Ignore: The AI want to actively ignore them

  Manually setting attitude

  Main article: Diplomatic feedback#Managing attitude
  

  Player nations have a default attitude towards other nations based on what the attitude of an AI nation would be. Players may manually adjust their attitude, however, to one of Friendly, Neutral, Hostile or Threatened.

  Decay

  Many relations modifiers decay over time. The base rate depends on the type of modifier, and is affected by the modifier Improve relations.

  Improve relations modifier

  	Conditions
  +50%.00	for having the native advancement ‘Trade Diplomacy’
  +30%.00	with the church aspect Pacifism (for Hussite nations)
  +25%.00	with Icon of St. Nicholas as active icon (for Orthodox nations)
  +25%.00	for choosing the conciliatory position during the Council of Trent (for Catholic nations)
  +25%.00	for being a lucky nation (AI only).
  +20%.00	with Ganesha as personal deity (for Hindu nations)
  +20%.00	with the Cwezi cult (for Fetishist nations)
  +20%.00	for having a ruler with the ‘Silver Tongue’ personality
  +20%.00	with a Diplomat as advisor
  +15%.00	with "Establish communities" as trade policy, towards the countries collecting/steering in this trade node
  +15%.00	with the Constituent Assembly government reform for revolutionary republics
  +15%.00	as a Protestant country
  +1%.00	for each royal marriage
  +0.50%	for each point of prestige
  −0.50%	for each point of overextension
  −0.50%	for each percentage point over governing capacity
  −20%.00	for having a ruler with the ‘Naive Enthusiast’ personality

  Ideas and policies:

  	Traditions	Ideas	Bonuses	Policies
  +50%	Italian traditions	Yaroslavlyian idea 7: Russian Ambition	Iroquois ambition	—
  +33%	Moldavian traditions	Holy Roman idea 3: Imperial Diplomacy	—	—
  +30%	Angevin traditions Antemoro traditions Austrian traditions Luban traditions	Humanist idea 6: Benevolence Ayutthayan idea 5: Embassies Georgian idea 2: Georgian Isolation Hadramhi idea 7: Distant Diplomacy Latgalian idea 2: Diplomatic Overtures Liège idea 4: Wittelsbach Bishops Montferrat idea 4: Savoyard Loyalty Satake idea 7: Honorable Reputation Saxe-Lauenburg idea 4: Claiming the Electorate Siamese idea 2: Experienced Ambassadors Takeda idea 4: Kurokawa Gold Mine Veronese idea 5: Ending the Strife	Great Ming ambition Kongo ambition Mainzian ambition Palatine ambition Wurzburgian ambition Württemberger ambition	—
  +25%	Offaly traditions Sardinian-Piedmontese traditions Savoyard traditions Swabian traditions	Diplomatic idea 4: Benign Diplomats Jurchen idea 6: Generosity of the Warlord	Romanian ambition Swabian City-State ambition	—
  +20%	Augsburger traditions Oyo traditions	Aboriginal idea 7: Musical Tradition Cham idea 5: Che Man's Legacy Chiba idea 4: Sakura Kadan Farsi idea 3: Diplomatic Prudence Iroquoian Federation idea 3: Great White Roots Khivan idea 7: Great Power Diplomacy Kildarean idea 2: Silver Tongues Lanfang idea 3: Careful Diplomacy North Western Native idea 3: Potlatch	Thüringian ambition	Diplomatic-Defensive: The Diplomatic Defense Act Humanist-Diplomatic: Multilingual Diplomats
  +15%	—	Bremen idea 3: Deep Pockets Frankfurter idea 4: Frankfurter Postzeitung Horn of African idea 6: Cushitic Language Khmer idea 2: Theravada Buddhism Lan Xang idea 3: Court History Of Lan Xang Sienese idea 6: The Saints of Siena Silesian idea 1: Under the Influence Southeastern Woodlands idea 6: Exogamous Marriages	—	Divine-Trade: Solidarity Indigenous-Diplomatic: Appeal to the Old Powers
  +10%	—	Imagawa idea 1: Claim to the Shogunate Northeastern Woodlands idea 6: Eagle Clan Palembang idea 4: Center of the Dynasty	—	—

  Decisions, events and missions:

  	Event modifier	Trigger	Duration
  −10%	Privateers	Decision: Enlist Privateers	until the end of the campaign.
  −10%	Anti-Christian Edict	Decision: Anti-Christian Edict	until the country becomes Christian.
  +10%	Competent Diplomacy	Event: Competent Diplomacy!	for 5 years.
  −10%	Incompetent Diplomacy	Event: Incompetent Diplomacy!	for 5 years.
  +5%	Western Wrecked Ship	Japanese culture event: Western Wrecked Ship Option: ‘Help the foreigners’	until ruler changes.
  −15%	Reckless Privateer	Privateer event: A Reckless Privateer Option: ‘Laws and treaties are more like guidelines, anyway...’	for 10 years.
  +15%	Curtailed Privateer	Privateer event: A Reckless Privateer Option: ‘We will not tolerate outlaws in our employ!’	for 10 years.
  +20%	Sierra de la Plata	Seven Cities event: Sierra de la Plata - Mountain of Silver	until the end of the campaign.
  +10%	Sistine Chapel decorated by Perugino	Papal event: Decorate the Sistine Chapel Option: ‘Hire Pietro Perugino.’	until the end of the campaign.
  +30%	Bavarian Ambition	Bavarian mission: The Franconian Inheritance	for 10 years
  		Bavarian mission: C.laiming the Wittelsbach lands	for 10 years
  		Bavarian mission: Uniting the Wittelsbach Domains	for 10 years
  		Bavarian mission: Drive the Hohenzollerns out	for 10 years

  The ‘Improve relations’ modifier only affect negative relationships. Positive relationships decay at a fixed rate.

  Relation modifiers

  Aggressive expansion

  Aggressive expansion is a game mechanic modeling the negative diplomatic impact on other nations caused by aggressive behavior, mainly when expanding the country through annexing provinces and force vassalizing enemies. If a diplomatic relation suffers from aggressive expansion penalty, it will be listed in the detailed relationship view. When negotiating a peace, the additional amount of aggressive expansion that makes the sum go beyond -50 will be listed in the interface with the notification of countries that might join coalition against the player.

  Causes

  AE is generated by various peace terms, by breaking a truce, and by declaring a war without a casus belli. The amount of aggressive expansion that a target country gets towards an aggressor country for actions of the aggressor against a loser country depend on the religion, culture, distance and various other attributes of the target country compared to the provinces taken or towards the loser country or the aggressor.

  The peace deal description in the game contains a base aggressive expansion which is independent of the target country and calculated as follows:

  ${\text{base aggressive expansion}}={\text{development}}\cdot {\text{peace term modifier}}\cdot (100\%+{\text{AE impact}})\cdot (100\%-{\text{Administrative efficiency}})\cdot {\text{CB modifier}}\cdot {\text{noncobelligerent modifier}}$

  • development is the development of the conquered province (capped at 30) or the development of the target country (for peace terms which affect the whole country)
  • CB modifier is 100% for Conquest, 75% for Imperialism, 25% for Reconquest
  • Noncobelligerent modifier is 150% for non-co-belligerents and 100% otherwise
  • Peace term modifier:
    • Demand province: 60%
    • Return core to victor's subject: 40%
    • Force vassalization: 50%
    • Force tributary: 50%
    • Force personal union: 20%
    • Concede Colonial region: 20%
    • Force join HRE: 20%
    • Transfer subject with the Age of Discovery ability: 30%

  The base aggressive expansion is then modified based on the target country:

  ${\text{aggressive expansion}}={\text{base aggressive expansion}}\cdot (100\%+{\text{religion modifier}}+{\text{infidel conquest modifier}}+{\text{culture modifier}}+{\text{HRE modifier}})\cdot {\frac {1}{1+{\frac {\text{distance}}{100}}\cdot 0.75}}\cdot (100\%-{\text{spynetwork in target}}\cdot 10\%)\cdot {\text{ally modifier}}\cdot {\text{subject modifier}}$

  • Religion modifier is based on the state religion of the target country compared to the state religion of the loser. It is 50% if they are the same, 0% if they are different, but in the same religious group and -50% if they are in different religious groups
  • Infidel conquest modifier is 50% if the target country has the same state religion as the loser country and the state religion of the aggressor country is in a different religious group
  • Culture modifier is 50% if the primary culture of the target country is the same as the culture of the province, 25% for different culture in the same culture group, 0% for unrelated culture
  • HRE modifier is 50% if the conquered province and the target country are part of the HRE
  • distance is the ingame distance between the conquered province and the nearest province of the target country. This value is rounded down to the nearest multiple of 100 and capped at 400.
  • Ally modifier is 2/3 if the target nation is allied to the aggressor and 1 otherwise
  • Subject modifier is 10% if the target nation is a subject of the aggressor and 100% otherwise

  Effects of Aggressive Expansion

  • Opinion will be reduced by the aggressive expansion penalty. The negative penalty will decay by a base of +2 per year, further increased by bonuses to improve relations.
  • Attitude towards the aggressor may change to outraged as the aggressive expansion penalty increases in strength. It is less likely for a nation with a high opinion of the aggressor to become outraged, but this is not foolproof if too much expansion is taken.
  • Coalitions may be formed against an aggressor by nations with at least a −50 aggressive expansion relations modifier. There must be at least 4 nations who do not hold a truce with the aggressor, have at least a −50 aggressive expansion modifier, and have a negative opinion of the aggressor in order for a coalition to form. Coalitions are unlikely to form if the combined power of all potential members is much lower than that of the target country and its allies.

  AE impact modifiers

  The base formula for aggressive expansion impact above is also further modified by additional modifiers which are added to the formula afterwards. These modifiers include:

  	Traditions	Ideas	Bonuses	Policies
  −25%	—	Ryukyuan idea 1: Chinese Investiture	—	—
  −20%	—	Espionage idea 2: State Propaganda	Fijian ambition	—
  −15%	Majapahit traditions Nagpuri traditions Saluzzo traditions	Aksumite idea 2: Legacy of King Kaleb Baden idea 6: Diplomatic Expansion Croatian idea 5: The Sabor Japanese idea 7: Great Power Diplomacy Mongolian idea 2: Ikh Mongol Uls Oirat idea 5: Legacy of the Great Khan Palawa idea 4: Parlevar Russian idea 1: Land of the Rus Scottish idea 7: Pass the Act of Revocation Swabian idea 7: Barbarossa's Legacy	Balinese ambition	—
  −10%	Crimean traditions Franconian traditions Great Qing traditions Horde traditions Kanem Bornuan traditions Kazani traditions Prussian traditions Tokugawa traditions	Horde government idea 2: Beyond the Sun American Southwest idea 7: Far West Ansbach idea 2: Restoring Our Heritage Asakura idea 7: Legacy of Emperor Keitai Bayreuther idea 2: Restoring Our Heritage Chosokabe idea 3: Unification of Shikoku Colognian idea 1: The Pursuit of Territorial Unity Corsican idea 3: The Crown of Sardinia and Corsica Date idea 2: Expansion by Marriages Hejazi idea 3: Sharifs Ito idea 3: Land of God's Landing Lan Xang idea 3: Court History Of Lan Xang Lusatian idea 4: Wittlesbach History Manchu idea 7: The Seven Grievances Mayan idea 3: Ancient Feuds Medri Bahri idea 7: Princely Ambition Norman idea 1: Conquerors Papal idea 7: The Holy Father Rostov idea 2: Ancient Heritage Sardinian idea 4: The Crown of Sardinia and Corsica Sardinian-Piedmontese idea 7: The Risorgimento Semien idea 3: Kebra Negast Swabian City-State idea 5: Reclaiming the Duchy Trierian idea 3: Archicancellarius per Galliam Tsutsui idea 6: Wise Opportunists Utsunomiya idea 6: Mediator of Kanto Württemberger idea 7: Reichsdeputationshauptschluss	Lotharingian ambition	Court-Defensive: Sturdy Argument Act Court-Horde: Clan Unity Act Indigenous-Court: Native Emissaries Act Influence-Innovative: Foreign Advisors

  Additional modifiers include:

  • 20% for having The Girondists faction in control as a Revolutionary Republic. Requires .
  • 0.5% for each 1% over the governing capacity limit.
  • −0.1% per point of prestige.
  • −1% for an unreformed Nahuatl nation per point of Doom.
  • −5% for a Hindu nation with Shiva as patron god
  • −5% for holding Kashi Vishwanath Temple at Magnificent level. Requires .
  • −10% from the Justified Wars ability during the Age of Discovery.
  • −10% for rulers with the 'careful' personality trait.
  • −10% for an Orthodox nation with the Icon of St. Nicholas.
  • −10% for a Muslim nation following the Hanbali school or with Hanbali scholars
  • −10% for a catholic nation while the Golden bull “Illius Qui Se Pro Divini” is active.
  • −10% for holding The Grand Palace of Bangkok at Magnificent level. Requires .
  • −10% for holding Kashi Vishwanath Temple at Magnificent level. Requires .
  • −15% for a Alcheringa nation with Lumaluma as cult. Requires .
  • −20% for a Catholic nation that is Curia Controller.
  • -25% for lucky nations
  • -33% for players on the very easy and easy difficulties.
  • -33% for AI on the hard and very hard difficulties.

  Border friction

  Border friction simulates the tensions felt by countries with neighboring provinces due to things like trade value, immigration, etc.

  Effects

  • Border friction events can occur between nations with this modifier. These events will occur more or less often depending on the opinion held between both nations.

  List of modifiers

  These modifiers are non-event based. The Min/max value represents the highest or lowest value available depending on the cause. For example, returning six cores gives no benefit over returning five.

  Name	Value	Yearly decay	Min/max	Notes
  Rival	−100
  Hostile relations	−50			War or rivalry
  Allied to Rival	−25
  Enemy of Enemy	+1		+20	Ticking from 0-20 when enemy is set. Has no effect on relations with vassals or personal unions.
  Invasion	−1000		−1000	Only applies to Jan Mayen and Synthetics with in the base game.
  Same Religion (Republic)	+10
  Different Religion (Republic)	−5			heathens
  Heretic Religion (Republic)	−10
  Neighboring Different religion (Republic)	−10			neighboring heathens
  Neighboring Heretic religion (Republic)	−20
  Tolerated Heretics (Republic)	−5			Catholic – Orthodox – Coptic
  Neighboring Tolerated Heretics (Republic)	−10			Catholic – Orthodox – Coptic
  Defender of Faith	+10
  Same Religion	+25
  Same Syncretic Faith	+10
  Different Religion	−10			heathens
  Neighboring Different religion	−20			neighboring heathens
  Heretic Religion	−20
  Neighboring Heretic religion	−40
  Tolerated heretics	−10			Catholic – Orthodox – Coptic
  Neighboring Tolerated Heretics	−20			Catholic – Orthodox – Coptic
  At War	−20
  Same Dynasty	+15
  Royal Marriage	+25
  Guaranteed	+10
  Alliance	+50
  In war together	+25
  Have a Core	−20
  Have a Claim	−10
  Receiving Subsidies	+1	-2	+15	Ticking from 0-15
  Have Casus Belli	−15
  Creating claim	−15
  Vassal	+50
  Union	+10
  Colonial Ties	+50
  Protectorate	+25
  They are excommunicated	−50
  They are excommunicated (Theocracy)	−200
  Transfers trade power to	+20			at 100% transfer
  Getting trade power from	+20		+20	at 100% transfer
  In Same Trade League	+20
  Consort Marriage Ties	+5
  Consort Marriage Ties (consort regent)	+15
  Religious School Relation	+25
  Same Religious School	+10
  Hegemon	−50
  Wants your provinces	−15		−200	Varies depending on how much they want and how many.
  Wants your subjects' provinces	−15		−200
  Border Friction	−1		−200
  Historical Friend	+25
  Historical Rival	−25
  Relative power to liege	−1
  Brothers in struggle against the infidels	+1
  Embargo	−15
  They allow us military access	+10
  They allow us fleet basing rights	+10
  Pirated us	−5	+5	−100
  Converted Our Culture	−30	+1
  Forced other to give up Claim on us	+15	−1	+15
  They liberated us	+300	−5
  They supported our rebellion	+100	−5
  They lifted the excommunication against us.	+50	−5	+50
  They excommunicated us	−100	+5	−100
  They refused a call for crusade	−100	+5	−100
  They refused a call for religious unity	−100	+5	−100
  They refused to defend the empire	−50	+5	−50
  They refused to join our war	−50	+5	−50
  They refused to join the war against us	+10	−2	+10
  Defender of Faith refused to join a war	-25	+5
  They came to the defense of the empire (Elector)	+100	−3	+100
  They came to the defense of the empire	+50	−3	+50	0 to the prince attacked
  They claimed the throne of another imperial subject	−25	+3	−25
  They used their royal marriage as pretext to claim our throne	−100	+3	−100
  They used their royal marriage as pretext to claim a throne	−50	+3	−50
  They requested their relative on the throne	−40	+3	−100
  They refused fleet basing rights	−10	+1	−10
  They revoked our fleet basing rights	−20	+1	−10
  They revoked our military access	−20	+1	−10
  They refused military access	−10	+1	−10
  They broke free from us	−100	+5	−100
  Our overlord abandoned us	−200	+5	-200	Cancelling vassalage.
  They Force Vassalized us	−100	+2
  They forced us into a Union	−100	+2
  They voted for us	+25	−2	+25	Elector voted for us.
  They changed their vote from us	−25	+1	−25	Elector stopped voting for us.
  Returned a province to us	+25	−1	+25
  Gave away our province	−25	+1	−75
  Liberated our province	+25	−1	+25	Recaptured a province that was occupied by a hostile third party.
  Defended our provinces	+10	−1	+20	Defeated an army that was sieging their province.
  Insulted	−50	+5	0	Duration of 10 years
  Scornfully insulted	−100	+5	0	Duration of 10 years
  Scornfully insulted the enemy	+25	-2.5	+25	Duration of 10 years
  Revoked Electorate	−50	+2
  Grant Electorate	+50	−1
  Revoked our Electorate	−200	+8
  Revoked an Electorate	−100	+2		same religion
  Revoked an Electorate	−50	+2		other religion
  Grant Free City Status	+25	−1
  Revoked our Free City status	−100	+4
  Honored Alliance	+10	−1	+10
  Broke Alliance	−50	+1
  Forced Break Alliance	−50	+2		Applies to both the target country and the country they are forced to break alliance with.
  Broke Royal Marriage	−75	+3
  Broke Alliance in wartime	−50	+1
  Dishonoured Alliance	−50	+5
  Declared War	−25	+1		against the country
  Was at War	−15	+1		against the country
  Declared War On Neighbor	−10	+1		Duration of 10 years
  Violated Truce	−100	+1		Duration of 100 years with target nation
  Violated Truce Against Neighbor	−25	+1		Duration of 25 years with target nation
  Separate Peace	−30	+1		Duration of 30 years with target nation
  Fought to the end	+10	−1	+20	Duration of 1 year with allied country
  Razed our provinces	−25	+2	−200
  Conquered province without claim	−5	+1		Duration of 5 years with target nation
  Conquered province of our religion group	−10	+1	−10
  Conquered our province	−25	+1
  Conquered Rival Province	+15	−1		(per war)
  Gave province in peace	+10	−1
  Declared War on Enemy	+10	−1		Simply entering war against enemy counts.
  Did Covert Actions	−20	+5	−100
  Warned	−10	+1
  Improved Relations	0	−3	+200	Max is +100 for independent countries, +200 for vassals. Ticks down on year change.
  Sabotage Reputation	−50
  Aggressive Expansion	−1	+2	−1000
  Enforced Peace against	−10	+1
  Enforced peace	+10	−1
  Improved imperial relations	+40	0		for 20 years
  Returned Province	+40	−1		core
  Released in Peace	+100	−1
  Removed provinces from the Empire	−50	+1
  Left the Empire	−100	+2
  Gave us Independence	+100	−1
  Illegal War inside Japan	−25	+1
  Broke Transfer Trade Power relation	−20	+2
  Revoked March Status	−50	+3
  Violated Treaty of Tordesillas	−50	+1
  Abandoned the Holy Roman Empire	−100	+1		Duration of 25 years
  Forced us to return land	−100	+2
  Unlawful territory	−25	+1		HRE nations towards non-HRE nations who refused the emperor's demand. Duration of 25 years.
  Land restored to the Empire	+20	−1		Duration of 25 years.
  Annexed a member of the Holy Roman Empire	−25	+1		HRE nations towards non-HRE nations who have annexed member provinces. Duration of 20 years.
  Annexed vassal	−30	+1		Other vassals only (Personal Unions do not get modifier). Disappears after 20 years from last annexation.
  Send Gift	+25		+25	Duration of 5 years.
  Broke free from us	−50	+2
  Previous oppressor	−50	+2
  Enforced Religious Unity	−10	+1	-100	Duration of 25 years.
  Rejected Alliance	−25	+1
  Supported Independence of our Subject	−100	+1	−100
  Supported our Independence	+100	−1	+100
  Rejected Support Independence offer	−25	+1
  Supporting Independence of our Subject	−100
  Supporting our Independence	+50
  Broke Support Independence treaty	−50	+1
  Was not given occupied cores and claims in the peace	−1	+1
  Same Dynasty after Election	+100	−2
  Dynasty lost Election	−20	+1	-20}}
  Took on Debt	+10	-2	+200	Applied to the recipient of the Great Power's ability to take on foreign debt.
  Influenced Relations	+25			Applied to nations who have had opinions influenced by the Great Power ability. Duration of 10 years.
  Forced to Break Alliance	-50	+2		Applied to a nation who has been forced by a Great Power to abandon an alliance.
  Caught Spy	−30	+3
  Recently Declared Independence	−50	+5	−50
  Threatened War	−75	+3
  Share Advanced Neighbor	+50		+50	updated every month
  Raided Coast	−25	+1	−100	Modifier is per province, e.g. raiding a single sea tile can max it.
  Tributary	+15
  Forced to be Tributary	-100	+2		Applied to a nation who has been forcefully made into a tributary through war.
  Tributary Broke Free	-50	+2}}	-5	Applied to the overlord of a recently broken free tributary state.
  Abandoned by our Overlord	-50	+2}}	-50	Applied to a nation that has had their tributary status revoked.

  
  

  Historical friends and rivals

  Historical friends and historical rivals are pre-set by the scenario's starting conditions, and do not change over time (except by events). These modifiers don't only affect relations by giving −25 or +25 bonus.

  Historical rivals will almost always rival each other and if that's no longer possible, they will never make an alliance. If historical rival country is a vassal or lesser partner in personal union, it will have +50% liberty desire modifier. For example: Oirat and their vassal Mongolia, Denmark and Sweden after The Scandinavian Constitution event.

  Historical friends on the contrary will gladly and often make alliance with each other. If historical friend become a vassal or lesser partner in personal union, it will have -50% liberty desire, which makes this relation very stable. A good example for this is Polish-Lithuanian union. Historical friendship can be removed by Growing Animosity event, that can occur when historical friends are fighting each other.

  List of historical friends in 1444:

  • Austria – Hungary
  • Bosnia – Serbia
  • Bremen – Hamburg
  • Bremen – Lübeck
  • Bremen – Riga
  • Castile – Portugal
  • Denmark – Norway
  • Hamburg – Lübeck
  • Hamburg – Riga
  • Kochin – Vijayanagar
  • Lithuania – Poland
  • Livonian Order – Riga
  • Livonian Order – Teutonic Order
  • Lübeck – Riga
  • Portugal – Spain
  • Theodoro – Trebizond
  • Venice – The Knights

  List of historical rivals in 1444 as defined in countries' history files.

  Country	Rival	Mutual
  Arawak	Carib
  Byzantium	Ottomans
  Castile	Granada
  Can Pech	Cocomes
  Cocomes	Xiu
  France	Austria
  Great Horde	Ottomans
  Great Horde	Kazan
  Austria	Ottomans
  Kanem Bornu	Yao
  Khiva	Uzbek
  Khiva	Bukhara
  Kazakh	Uzbek
  Mamluks	Ottomans
  Mamluks	Timurids
  Mombasa	Malindi
  Muscovy	Novgorod
  Poland	Teutonic Order
  Pate	Mombasa
  Uzbek	Timurids
  Timurids	Delhi
  Timurids	Multan

  Improving relations

  There are several diplomatic actions available if a country wants to improve relations with another country.

  • Improve Relations action is the most direct way. A country can get up to +100 (+200 for a suzerain -> vassal relation) relation points with another country. It takes time and ties down a diplomat.
  • Send Gift will get a country up to +25 relation points for a one-time gift of money. The relation bonus will last for 5 years, effects from several gifts do not add up, only the last gift will affect relations.
  • Give Subsidies will transfer a specified amount of money each month to the target country for a certain duration. Maintaining subsidies will improve the target country's relations with the subsidizer each month, up to a maximum of +15. This will disappear entirely once subsidies stop, unlike Improve Relations which ticks down over time.
  • Offer Military Access to the target country, allowing their land armies to pass through the territory of the one who offered. Acceptance will raise the target country's opinion of the offering country by +10.
  • Transfer Trade Power ask a target non-subject nation to transfer a percentage of its trade power to the requester. Grants a mutual relation bonus of +20 per 100% of power transferred. (only with Wealth of Nations enabled)
  • Influence Nation gives +25 with the target country for one time their yearly income, if you are Great power and the target nation is not. Lasts for 10 years and for that duration the target country receives a monarch point on whatever category it has the lowest influx of. (only with Rights of Man enabled)
  • Take on foreign debt improves relations by +10 for every loan of debt the target country has that you take over. Requires being a Great power while the target is not. (only with Rights of Man enabled)

  The following actions will tie down Diplomatic Relations point.

  • Royal Marriage may arrange royal marriages with others. This will improve relations by +25 while in effect. Only available to monarchies, Noble Republics and Dutch Republics.
  • Proclaim Guarantee will call the nation that guaranteed into the war if someone declares war on the guaranteed country. Grants the nation that guaranteed +10 relation points.
  • Offer Alliance proposes to form an alliance with the target nation. Grants +50 relations if accepted.

  Changing own opinion

  Although human-controlled countries do not have game-defined attitudes toward other nations (except their rivals, subjects and overlords), they still have numerical opinion values which enable or affect diplomatic options. For example,

  • In order to form an alliance, opinion in both directions must be positive.
  • Declaring war against a country viewed too positively hurts stability.
  • In order to take the decision to Revoke Restraint of Appeals, the country must have +100 opinion of the Papal State.

  If Castile was to improve relations completely with France. France would like Castile +100 and Castile would like France +50. One way to raise one's own country's opinion of another country is to ask for military access. Other opinion modifiers work both ways: a royal marriage, having the same dynasty, rival modifiers and religion modifiers affect both countries' opinions.

  Mechanics

  Customization

  Nation designer • Random New World

  Ages and Institutions

  Ages • Institutions

  Innovativeness and Technology

  Innovativeness • Technology

  Defense

  Fort • Zone of control