English events

This is a list of all of England's and Great Britain's events.

Unrest, Rebellions and Religious

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The Lollard Heresy

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Lollards were a heretical group following the theological teaching of John Wycliffe. Popular protests against the wealth, power, and pride of the clergy, were frequent, and in times of disorder would express themselves in an extreme form. They had been persecuted several times during the 14th century, and their last appearance was in the early 15th century.

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Trigger conditions Is England Before year 1500 Owns at least 5 non-colony provinces Religion is Catholic	Mean time to happen 60 months
Immediate effects Hidden effect: Set global flag lollard heresy 6 random owned provinces in Britain region gain lollard flag
Stop the Heretics lollard flag provinces Gain province modifier Lollards for 20 years +20 local unrest +0.10 monthly autonomy change Gain country modifier "Opposing the Lollards" until January 2, 1821 +1 Tolerance of the True Faith +1 yearly Papal Influence The Papal State: Gain +50 opinion modifier "Opposing the Lollards" towards (Our country) Let them be Catholicism gains 5% reform desire Gain country modifier "Tolerates Lollards" until January 2, 1821 +1 Tolerance of heretics -1 yearly Papal Influence The Papal State: Gain -100 opinion modifier "Tolerates Lollards" towards (Our country) France, Burgundy, and Brittany Gain -50 opinion modifier "Tolerates Lollards" towards (Our country)

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The End of the Hundred Years War

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The Hundred Years War was the last great medieval war. It was a war not just between kings, but lesser nobles were also able to pursue their own personal agendas while participating in the larger conflict. Future wars saw far less factionalism, at least on the scale found in medieval conflicts. The Hundred Years War was actually dozens of little wars and hundreds of battles and sieges that went on for over a century, between 1337 and 1453, until both sides were exhausted. While neither side won in any real sense, the end result was that while there were two kingdoms at the beginning of the war, there were two nations at the end of it.

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Trigger conditions The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. has English as primary culture. does not own a province in France. It is before year 1500. No global flag eng_had_end_of_hundred_years_war is set France exists France is not a subject or at war with England or Great Britain	Mean time to happen 12 months
Immediate effects Set the global flag eng_had_end_of_hundred_years_war If France does not have the flag had_end_of_HYW_france then France gets the event ‘The End of the Hundred Years War’.
We have lost our foothold in France This country: lose all cores in France region If the country has a stability of less than +3, then it gains 1 stability, else it gains 50 administrative power. France gains +50 opinion modifier "No English in France" towards this country. We will never give this up! This country: loses 1 stability France gains -50 opinion modifier "Refuse to Give Up France" towards this country.

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The Justices of Peace

The position of Justice of the Peace originated in England in about the 12th Century, believed to be from a Royal Edict issued by King Richard I and the Archbishop of Canterbury in the year 1195. The title was first known as Custodes Pacis, but was later changed to Justices of the Peace. An act concerning Justices of the Peace was passed in 1489. It required that justices devote part of every quarter session to acknowledgment of the areas in which they themselves are particularly weak. The same act provided the general populace with the right to complain about the actions of justices directly to the monarch or his council. The appointment of the justices by the Lord Chancellor at irregular annual intervals allowed for the possible removal of uncooperative gentlemen at the next annual re-issue of the commissions.

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Trigger conditions Fire only once Is after 1485 and before 1509 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist.	Mean time to happen 72 months
Yes, we need them Lose ducats equal to -0.5 years of income Gain 1 innovativeness. Gain country modifier "The Justices of Peace" until January 2, 1821 -10% stability cost modifier -10% state maintenance No, that is the Noblemen's job If the country has a stability of less than +3, then it gains 1 stability, else it gains 50 administrative power.

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Support Middle-class Bureaucrats

Promoting government officers from the middle class, primarily clerics and lawyers, was a Yorkish tradition in England. As our administrative needs keep growing, both the nobility and the middle class eagerly awaits to see if we will continue this policy.

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Year is 1485 and before 1550 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. is not at war.	Mean time to happen 600 months
Give them our support Gain +50 administrative power One random owned province: Noble rebels (size 1) rise in revolt Prohibit them from working in the Government Lose -25 administrative power

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Court of the Star Chamber

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The Court of Star Chamber was a court of law which evolved from meetings of the king's royal council. Although its roots go back to the medieval period, the court only became powerful as a separate entity during the reign of Henry VII. In 1487 the court became a judicial body separate from the king's council, with a mandate to hear petitions of redress. The Court of Star Chamber was named for the star pattern painted on the ceiling of the room at Westminster Palace where its meetings were held. In a sense the court was a supervisory body.

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Year is 1470 and before 1600 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. is not at war.	Mean time to happen 390 months
Yes, we need one Gain country modifier "Star Chamber" for until January 2, 1821 +5% stability cost modifier -1 national unrest No, we don't If the country has a stability of less than +3, then it gains 1 stability, else it gains 50 administrative power.

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The Enclosure Movement

The population of England lived on the land under a manorial system. They were primarily tenant farmers who were tied to a particular locality, rarely if ever leaving their places of birth. With the rise of commerce, it became increasingly profitable for the aristocracy who owned the land to enclose it. The enclosure movement displaced the tenant farmers and caused a movement into the cities. As people congregated in cities, they became a source of cheap labor for the factories and mines that developed. The concentration of population into cities, however, also created a class of poor, many of whom were willing to became 'indentured servants' and migrate to the North American colonies in search of a better life.

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Year is between 1509 and 1521 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. is not at war.	Mean time to happen 120 months
Reform Capital: Gain +2 base tax in capital Lose -1 stability Gain 1 innovativeness. One random non-capital province: Peasant rabble (size 1) rise in revolt Do not reform If the country has a stability of less than +3, then it gains 1 stability, else it gains 50 administrative power.

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The Act of Supremacy

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Henry VIII Tudor of England (1509-1547) had first received in 1521 the papal title of Defender of the Faith for his pamphlet against Luther. The king's main concern was over his succession and in 1529, when the papal Curia rejected his proposal to divorce Catherine of Aragon, he had the Legate of the Pope, Cardinal Wolsey, executed and coerced the English clergy to recognize the king as the supreme head of the Church. He had his divorce granted in 1533 and married the lady-in-waiting Ann Boleyn. Altogether, Henry VIII contracted 6 marriages.

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Year is between 1530 and 1560 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. is Catholic. has a male ruler. is not in a regency. has at least 15% Protestant provinces. The Papal State: exists. is Catholic.	Mean time to happen 72 months
Take Command of the Church of England Change religion to Protestant Gain +2 years of ducats Lose -2 stability Accept Rome's Supremacy The Papal State: gains +25 opinion modifier "Accepted Supremacy of Rome" towards this country. If the country has a stability of less than +3, then it gains 1 stability, else it gains 50 administrative power.

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Jane Grey

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As the granddaughter of King Henry VIII's elder sister Mary, Lady Jane Grey had a claim to the English throne. Married against her will in 1553 to Lord Guildford Dudley, son of the Duke of Northumberland, she was used as a pawn by Northumberland, who was King Edward VI's regent, in his determined effort to retain his power after the king's death. King Edward VI was deadly sick and during his last illness Northumberland had him sign a 'device' excluding Henry VIII's daughters, the future queens Mary I and Elizabeth I, from the throne in favor of Jane. On July 10, 1553, four days after Edward's death, Jane was proclaimed queen. Her reign lasted only until July 19. The country supported the Catholic Mary's claim, and Northumberland's forces were dispersed by troops loyal to Mary.

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Trigger conditions Year is between 1530 and 1560 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. is in a regency, but not a consort regency. owns Northumberland (246). did not have this event before.	Mean time to happen 360 months 0.8x legitimacy is 80 or less
Her claim will not be recognized! Province Northumberland: Pretender rebels (size 2) rise in revolt (led by Jane Grey) Lose -1 stability

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Bloody Mary and King Felipe of England

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In 1554 the Catholic Queen Mary married Felipe of Spain, a union that opened great possibilities for both England and Spain. Felipe was granted the title of King of England by Parliament, but was not allowed to govern the country. But the imminent question of importance was over religion. The Act of Supremacy had given clerical control to the monarch, but the people of England were sundered over religion. Catholics demanded papal authority, while Protestants wanted liberal clerical laws. Mary chose to throw in her lot with the fanatical Catholics, and a wave of terror commenced, earning her the nickname 'Bloody Mary'.

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Year is between 1500 and 1600 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. is Protestant. has a royal marriage with Spain or is a junior partner in a personal union with Spain. Spain: is Catholic.

Mean time to happen 600 months Modifiers Is junior partner with Spain: ×0.1

Reinstate Papal power over Church of England Change religion to Catholic Spain: Gain +25 opinion modifier "Accepted Supremacy of Rome" towards (Our country) The Papal State: Gain +25 opinion modifier "Accepted Supremacy of Rome" towards (Our country) Lose -3 stability Gain country modifier "The Heresy Act" for 10 years -1 national unrest +1% missionary strength -2 tolerance of heretics Confirm religious freedom for all Spain: Gain -25 opinion modifier "Tolerates Religious Freedom" towards (Our country) for 10 years The Papal State: Gain -25 opinion modifier "Tolerates Religious Freedom" towards (Our country) Gain country modifier "Religious Freedom Act" for 10 years +1 national unrest -1% missionary strength +2 tolerance of heretics If the country has a stability of less than +3, then it gains 1 stability, else it gains 50 administrative power.

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The Northern Rebellion

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Queen Elizabeth I sought to bring about a religious settlement with the objective of establishing in England a Protestant Anglican Church with herself as the Supreme Governor. Things began to fray around the edges when Mary Queen of Scots fled to England. The problem for Elizabeth I was that Mary was a Catholic claimant to the English throne. Elizabeth I had Mary locked away in various castles, but she still became the center of numerous conspiracies to overthrow the upstarts who had displaced the ancient aristocracy. Their basic idea was to marry Mary to Norfolk, England's only Duke. This combination represented a serious threat to Elizabeth I but Norfolk seemed undecided and continued to delay until Elizabeth I invited him to London whereupon she locked him in the Tower. Elizabeth I suspected that the Earls of Northumberland, Westmorland and Cumberland were involved in the conspiracy and invited them to London as well. The Earls guessed their accommodation would be the Tower and opted instead for a rebellion which began at about midnight on the 9 November 1569. The Catholic faith had survived in the North and there was real resentment against the extension of Tudor domination and Elizabeth I's new men. The Earl of Northumberland mustered his troops in Richmond on the 16 November. Sir George was appointed provost marshal and martial law was declared. Elizabeth I ordered that 700 of the riffraff be executed, 200 of these were to be from or around Richmond. How many were actually executed is not known but seemingly it was a smaller number, perhaps around 57, 12 of whom were from Richmond. The decade after the Rebellion was a difficult period for Catholics who faced constant persecution. Religious meetings were held in secret, away from the eyes of unfriendly informants. It seems however that the few gentry who were accused in court of holding Catholic beliefs were the 'mere tip of a great pyramid' which represented a hidden underground movement.

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Trigger conditions Fire only once Year is after 1500 and before 1600 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. is Protestant. owns Northumberland (246) or Cumbria (247).

Mean time to happen 2000 months 0.8x 90 or less 0.8x has regency

Keep Norfolk in the Tower and smash the rebels If the country has a stability of less than +3, then it gains 1 stability, else it gains 50 administrative power. If owns province Northumberland Noble rebels (size 2) rise in revolt If of owns province Cumbria Noble rebels (size 1) rise in revolt If owns province Yorkshire Noble rebels (size 1) rise in revolt If owns province Lancashire Noble rebels (size 1) rise in revolt Gain country modifier "Increased Narrowminded" for 5 years +1% missionary strength +5% technology cost Keep Norfolk in the Tower and start to negotiate If owns province Northumberland Province Northumberland Noble rebels (size 2) rise in revolt If does not own province Northumberland Province Cumbria Noble rebels (size 2) rise in revolt Gain country modifier "Increased Aristocracy" for 5 years -5% trade efficiency -10% cavalry cost Release Norfolk Lose -1 stability Gain country modifier "Increased Aristocracy" for 10 years -5% trade efficiency -10% cavalry cost

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Hugh O'Neill's Irish Rebellion

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Hugh O'Neill lived in England in the 1560s. He served the government in the 1580s but in 1594 rebelled. Dissatisfied with the English government's persistent policy of playing the chiefs against one another, O'Neill was also angered by the English refusal to restore the lands granted to his grandfather. At last he formed an alliance with the other Irish chiefs and sought aid against Protestant England from Catholic Spain. He achieved something like unity among his allies and, after 1595, defeated some of Queen Elizabeth's best commanders in Ireland. O'Neill was defeated while attempting to join a Spanish force that arrived at Kinsale in 1601. His Irish allies dispersed, and O'Neill retreated to Ulster. In 1603 he made peace with the English, surrendering his tribal authority. King James I later pardoned him.

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Year is between 1570 and 1616 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. is Protestant. owns a province of Ireland.	Mean time to happen 300 months
We are not amused! One random owned province in Eastern or Western Ireland area Noble rebels (size 2) rise in revolt (led by Hugh O'Neill)

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The Petition of Rights

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In 1628 the English Parliament passed the Petition of Rights. Under its terms the King could not levy any new taxes without the consent of Parliament. Furthermore soldiers could not be billeted in private homes. Martial law could not be imposed in time of peace. Finally, the Petition of Rights forbid the imprisonment of individuals without cause.

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Year is between 1600 and 1700 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. is a monarchy.	Mean time to happen 1800 months 0.8x if stability is 1 or less 0.8x if number of loans is 6 or more
Immediate effects 5 random owned non-capital provinces in Britain region Gain hidden flag Refusal of The Petition of Rights
Sign it Lose -1 stability Gain country modifier "The Petition of Rights" for 20 years +1 national unrest -5% tax efficiency -5% manpower modifier +5% goods produced Clear hidden flag Refusal of The Petition of Rights Refuse to sign it Lose -2 stability 5 provinces with the hidden flag Refusal of The Petition of Rights Gain province modifier "Refusal of The Petition of Rights" for 10 years -3 local unrest -10% tax efficiency -25% manpower modifier

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The Parliamentary Conflict

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The 16th century saw the number of members in the House of Commons increase, while the House of Lords remained significantly smaller. The power base in Parliament shifted to the House of Commons who were well aware of the fact. Elizabeth I had a mix of determination, majestic presence and kindness towards the members of Parliament that her successors Jacob I and his son Charles I did not. The Parliament wanted to have more say in matters of the Church, justice and taxes to which the King naturally was opposed. When Jacob I tried to propose marriage of his son to a Spanish, and later a French princess (both Catholic) they had enough. The Parliament of 1628 voiced the Petition of Right which forbade arrests and taxation ordered by the King. In 1629 the Parliament voted for resolutions to condemn Religious and Tax politics and the King opposed the Parliament and tried to dissolve it. Eleven years of Dictatorship ensued. In 1642 the Civil War divided the country into Cavaliers (Royalists) versus Roundheads (the Parliament's wigless).

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Year is between 1600 and 1700 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. is a monarchy. had the event ‘The Petition of Rights’ and chose the option “Refuse to sign it”.	Mean time to happen 300 months 0.7x year 1670 or later
Immediate effects 5 random owned non-capital provinces in Britain region Gain hidden flag Refusal of The Petition of Rights
Combat the Parliament Lose -2 stability Provinces with flag Refusal to Sign Petition of Rights: Noble rebels (size 2) rise in revolt Submit to the Parliament Lose -1 stability Gain country modifier "The Petition of Rights" for 20 years +1 national unrest -5% tax efficiency -5% manpower modifier +5% goods produced Clear hidden flag Refusal of The Petition of Rights

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The Decree of Indulgence and the Bill of Test

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Charles II was secretly Catholic and his brother James II openly. The Decree of Indulgence issued in 1672 was aimed at relieving the situation for dissenters and Catholics. In addition to personal reasons, any king who supported Catholicism could count on the support from France. In fact, Charles II got his reward in form of a large sum of money in a Treaty closed behind the back of the Parliament. Around the same time Parliament issued the Bill of Test which again excluded dissenting religious groups (including Catholics) from public offices and allowed persecution. The Parliament subsequently raised the issue of excluding the openly Catholic James II from succession rights.

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Year is between 1600 and 1700 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. is either Protestant or Reformed.	Mean time to happen 1200 months
Religious Freedom for All Lose -1 stability Gain country modifier "The Decree of Indulgence" until January 2, 1821 -1% missionary strength +2 tolerance of heretics Protestant Supremacy Lose 1 stability Gain country modifier "Bill of Test" for until January 2, 1821 +1% missionary strength -2 tolerance of heretics Catholic Supremacy Change religion to Catholic Lose -3 stability

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Jacobite Rebellion

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This rebellion of the Jacobite cause led by the Earl of Mar began in 1715. By the end of September, most of the Highlands were in his control and his army numbered some 5,000 with more appearing daily. But all this was done without even notifying the King they were claiming to support. The Old Pretender, King James III, was not even aware of the situation as of yet. Word was sent to the King, and the size of the force continued to grow. The Earl, with his growing army, moved to Perth and established his base there after taking the city. Meanwhile another Jacobite army was forming to the south, The Old Pretender hearing the news began to make preparations for his trip to Scotland and his crowning. By early November, the northern Jacobite army numbered some 12,000, mostly Clansmen from the Highlands. The Earl then decided to march south where he soon met the army of the Duke of Argyll, the only remaining government troops in Scotland. The Jacobite forces were mismanaged and split. The southern army marched south to raise Lancashire instead of turning on the Duke of Argyll's flank, while a much smaller force under the Duke defeated the larger northern army of the Jacobites at Sheriffmuir on November 13th. The southern army was also met and defeated at Preston by other government forces in England. The Jacobites were forced to retreat to Perth, while still waiting for their leader to arrive. The Old Pretender finally arrived in Scotland on the 22nd of December after leaving fittingly enough from Dunkirk. But the matter was already settled, as the Duke of Argyll was already receiving reinforcements of experienced troops and was preparing an overwhelming force to march north. The King, James III, was again forced to retreat after spending a dismal six weeks in Scotland.

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Has not had a Jacobite Rebellion Year is between 1700 and 1800 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. has not a ruler of the Stuart dynasty.

Mean time to happen 1400 months

We will smash them! If owns Highlands region 1 random province in Highlands region Pretender rebels (size 3) rise in revolt (led by James Stuart) If owns Lowlands region and not Highlands region 1 random province in Lowlands region Pretender rebels (size 3) rise in revolt (led by James Stuart) If neither Highlands or Lowlands region is owned Britain region is owned 1 province in Britain region Pretender rebels (size 3) rise in revolt (led by James Stuart)

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Captain Jenkin's Ear

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The War of Jenkins's Ear (which merged into the War of the Austrian Succession) was the result, amongst other things, of a minor, alleged confrontation between Spanish Guarda Costas and the Captain and crew of the Glasgow brig 'Rebecca' in 1731. Captain Jenkins claimed that, whilst in the Caribbean, his ship had been boarded by the Guarda Costa and his crew maltreated, and that the Spaniards had then cut off one of his ears. Additionally, he claimed he was tortured and threatened with death. There were no major actions fought during this war, although the declaration of war led to the dispatch of Anson's squadron to attack the coast of South America, and to finally circumnavigate the globe, and Admiral Edward Vernon's fleet attacked Spanish territory in the Caribbean.

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Year is between 1700 and 1800 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. has rivaled Spain.	Mean time to happen 1500 months
Use it as an excuse for War Gain Diplomatic Insult casus belli against Spain for 12 months If the country has a stability of less than +3, then it gains 1 stability, else it gains 50 administrative power. Spain: Gain opinion modifier "Captain Jenkins Incident" towards this country. Try not to severe our relation too much Lose 10 prestige

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Jacobite Rebellion

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In 1745, the war of the Austrian Succession was raging in Europe. England had most of her troops busy in the Austrian Netherlands. The time seemed ripe for Charles-Edward Stuart (1720-1788) to boldly land in Scotland. He and his Jacobite supporters managed to beat an English army at Prestonpans on October 2nd, 1745 and entered Edinburgh where he had his father James recognized as King of Scotland. At the head of a small army, he then invaded England as far as Derby, but had to retreat when promised French support did not materialize (the intended landing of French troops had failed). Caught up by the British army under Cumberland (recalled from the Low Countries), he was soundly defeated at Culloden on 16th April, 1746. This was the best shot the Stuarts ever got to reclaim the throne, but the rash young prince did not listen to the sober advice of his Generals, thus forever burying the Stuart cause.

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Trigger conditions Year is between 1700 and 1800 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. has not a ruler of the Stuart dynasty. did not have this event before.

Mean time to happen 1400 months

We will smash them! If owns Highlands region 1 random province in Highlands region Pretender rebels (size 3) rise in revolt (led by James Stuart) If owns Lowlands region and not Highlands region 1 random province in Lowlands region Pretender rebels (size 3) rise in revolt (led by James Stuart) If neither Highlands or Lowlands region is owned Britain region is owned 1 province in Britain region Pretender rebels (size 3) rise in revolt (led by James Stuart)

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The Methuen Agreement

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John Methuen was born in 1650. An accomplished diplomat, he is well remembered for the treaty signed in 1703 between England and Portugal. The main purpose of the treaty was to allow free introduction of English wool and cloths to Portugal in exchange of free entry of Portuguese wine into England (Port wine). The treaty made in effect Portugal an economic and political satellite of England, and was abrogated only in 1836. John Methuen died in 1706 shortly after his greatest success.

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Year is between 1650 and 1700 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. is not at war. owns a coastal province of Britain. Portugal exists.

Mean time to happen 500 months

Accept the Agreement Lose -1 stability Portugal: Gain +50 opinion modifier "Accepted Methuen Agreement" towards this country One random owned province in Britain region: Has a port Gain 1+ base tax Denounce the Agreement If the country has a stability of less than +3, then it gains 1 stability, else it gains 50 administrative power. Portugal: Gain -50 opinion modifier "Denounced Methuen Agreement" towards this country

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The Gunpowder Plot

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'Remember, remember,
The Fifth of November,
Gunpowder treason and plot.
I know of no reason,
Why the gunpowder treason,
Should ever be forgot.'

A plot to blow up the King and the Houses of Parliament has been discovered! The conspirators, led by Guy Fawkes and Robert Catesby, hid barrels of gunpowder below the Houses of Parliament and planned to detonate them when the Houses were in session with the King attending. Their goal was to seize control of the government and restore England to Catholicism. The conspirators will undoubtedly be executed, but how should we react towards Catholics as a whole?

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Year is between 1600 and 1650 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. is either Protestant or Reformed. owns a province that: is not the capital. is Catholic Province's most likely rebel type is Catholic zealots

Mean time to happen 600 months

Punish all Catholics! If the country has a stability of less than +3, then it gains 1 stability, else it gains 50 administrative power. 2 random non-capitol provinces with likely Catholic zealots Catholic zealots (size 2) rise in revolt France / Spain / The Papal State exist: Religion is Catholic France / Spain / The Papal State: Gain -25 opinion modifier "Harsh Punishment of Catholics" towards (Our country) for 10 years Punish only the obvious conspirators Lose -2 stability

Economic and Martial Events

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The Admiralty

The Admiralty was instituted to give the growing naval power an efficient and strong strategic leadership at sea. Earlier there had only existed a number of odd King's ships, each of which where the king's personal property. By making the admiralty responsible for all warships and the production of new and the repair of old, the English navy got continuity and order. The Admiralty was also a plant school for military leaders and also important figures in the political life of London.

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Trigger conditions Year is 1500 or later The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. does not have the modifier “The Admiralty”. does not have the modifier “The Royal Army”.	Mean time to happen 1200 months
Let us authorize the Admiralty Gain country modifier “The Admiralty” until January 2, 1821 +0.5 yearly Navy Tradition +5% Prestige from Naval battles Let us institute the Royal Army instead Gain +2 Army Professionalism. Gain country modifier “The Royal Army” until January 2, 1821 +0.3 yearly Army Tradition +3% Prestige from Land battles

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The Royal Army

England as we know it decided on becoming a naval power and instituted the Admiralty as one of its assets. There where also signs of England taking another route, a route toward the continent and Land Power. Some elements can be found in Cromwell's New Model Army, but also the question-marks of a possible pro-French Stuart Dynasty if England had managed to keep some of its French possessions. If that had happened, England would have had much greater interests to defend on the Continent than on the high seas.

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Trigger conditions Fires only once The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. does not have the modifier “The Admiralty”. does not have the modifier “The Royal Army”. It is at least 1500.	Mean time to happen 1200 months
Let us institute the Royal Army Gain +2 Army Professionalism. Gain country modifier "The Royal Army" until January 2, 1821 +0.3 yearly Army Tradition +3% Prestige from Land battles Let us authorize the Admiralty instead Gain country modifier "The Admiralty" until January 2, 1821 +0.5 yearly Navy Tradition +5% Prestige from Naval battles

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The Muscovy Trade Company

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In 1553, the Merchant Adventurers Company sent a fleet of three ships with the intent of sailing to China through the Northeast Passage. Most ships were struck frozen by the ice-cap and all their crew died of starvation, except the Edward, under senior navigator Richard Chancellor, who entered the White Sea and reached Arkhangelsk, a small village that would later grow to a port in 1584. There he learned about the wealth and power of the Russian emperor and journeyed in horse-drawn sleighs, in winter, to Moscow. Although Russia and England had diverging interests in establishing relationships with each other, the Muscovy Trade Company formed to exploit the new trade was a commercial success, in particular with the Russian fur trade.

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Trigger conditions The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. has discovered White Sea (1652). Has discovered Soroka (313). Russia or Muscovy: exist. own Soroka (313). The year is at least 1540 but before 1640. This event happens only once during a campaign.	Mean time to happen 300 months
We will exploit this! This country gets the trade modifier “The Muscovy Trade Company” in the White Sea trade node until the end of the campaign, worth 20 trade power.

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The Creation of the London Stock Exchange

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The year 1571 saw the creation of the London Stock Exchange. Although small in importance and with limited trading in the 16th and 17th centuries, it would grow and gradually overcome its Amsterdam competitor and prove to be the most active stock market in 18th century Europe, boosting the English trade, manufacturing and economy as a whole. England would then benefit from an easy and reliable access to credit.

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Year is between 1500 and 1600 Year is 1600 or later The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. owns London (236).	Mean time to happen 800 months
Expand Loan Market add 1.5x year of income Gain +3% inflation If the country has a stability of less than +3, then it gains 1 stability, else it gains 50 administrative power. Issue Strict Control Lose -3% inflation If the country has a stability of less than +3, then it gains 1 stability, else it gains 50 administrative power.

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The Canceling of Royal Monopolies

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Elizabeth's popularity began to wane towards the end of her reign. The war with Spain dragged on inconclusively. The parliament became less tractable and began to object to the abuse of the royally granted monopolies, which was used to reward her favorites and tolerate considerable corruption. A last Golden speech to Parliament in 1601 reaffirmed her love for her subjects, but it came in the context of a bitter clash over royal monopolies, which she ceased from.

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Year is between 1500 and 1650 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist.	Mean time to happen 1000 months
Cancel them! Lose -200 ducats Gain country modifier "Increased Free Trade" for 5 years +10 trade efficiency -10% foreign spy detection Strengthen them! Gain +100 ducats Gain 0.5 corruption Gain country modifier "Increased Mercantilism" for 5 years +10% provincial trade power 10% foreign spy detection

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The Act of Navigation

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Cromwell, Lord Protector of the English Commonwealth, promulgated the Act of Navigation in 1651. It was mostly directed against the Dutch carrier trade and provided that all goods shipped to and from England was to be transported on English ships, while also confirming the colonial exclusive policy. The Act directly caused the first English-Dutch war of 1652-1654 and the second in 1665-1667. At the Peace of Breda (1667), New Amsterdam (New York) was exchanged for Surinam (Dutch Guiana) and the Act slightly modified. It nevertheless contributed to the enormous growth in English naval and colonial trade.

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Year is between 1600 and 1700 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist.	Mean time to happen 2000 months
Enact Gain +350 diplomatic power The present policy is perfect If the country has a stability of less than +3, then it gains 1 stability, else it gains 50 administrative power.

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The Creation of Bank of England

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The Bank of England was founded in 1694. It soon enjoyed a reputation of seriousness and reliability, in particular regarding the credibility of the English Pound Sterling, in a time where most other currencies were at the mercy of state bankruptcies and coinage debasement. This stability was preponderant in the slowly but constantly increasing domination of the world economy by Great Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries. It also allowed a greater flexibility to the British government in raising funds for warfare.

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Year is 1650 or later The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist.	Mean time to happen 1200 months 0.8x has Economic idea 4 "Debt and Loans": ×0.75
Institute it Lose -3% inflation

id

The East India Company

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Created two years before its Dutch equivalent, the English East India Company had a difficult start. Its first trading posts in the Moluccas (Amboina) and Indonesia were soon overwhelmed and closed by the Dutch and activity concentrated to India (Madras, Bombay, Calcutta). It is there that she would know its greatest success, from a small trading ventures of harbor factories to the large Indian Empire build by Warren Hastings and Robert Clive (from 1757 onwards) that would control most of the Indian subcontinent. The company would outlast all its competitors and would only be taken over by the British government in 1867, in the wake of the great Sepoy revolt of 1857.

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Trigger conditions None	Is triggered only by the decision ‘Indian Trade Company’.
We will exploit this! England or Great Britain: gains 100 ducats

Notable Individuals

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Hobbes publishes 'Leviathan'

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English philosopher Thomas Hobbes held that the state of nature was a state of strife and chaos which could be ended only if individuals agreed in a 'Social Contract' to give their liberty into the hands of a sovereign. The sovereign on his part was obliged to protect his subjects. Failure to do so would allow the people to seek a new ruler. Strangely enough Hobbes managed to offend both sides in the English Civil War and spent 11 years in Paris before he dared set foot in England again in 1651.

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Year is between 1651 and 1670 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist.	Mean time to happen 300 months
Excellent This country: gains 10 administrative power. gains 10 prestige.

id

Adam Smith publishes 'The Wealth of Nations'

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The Wealth of Nations' was the first great work in political economy and the corner-stone of what later became known as laissez-faire capitalism (Smith called it the system of perfect liberty). The Scotsman introduced the concept of the 'invisible hand' - the intrinsic ability of a system of perfect liberty to control itself and still give rise to an orderly society through the mechanism of competition.

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Trigger conditions Year is between 1776 and 1790 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. did not have this event before.	Mean time to happen 300 months
Excellent This country: gains 10 administrative power. gains 10 prestige.

id

David Hume

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Scotsman David Hume was one of the foremost philosophers of his day who is best known for his philosophical empiricism and skepticism. Taking the scientific method of the English physicist Sir Isaac Newton as his model and building on the epistemology of the English philosopher John Locke, Hume tried to describe how the mind works in acquiring what is called knowledge. He concluded that no theory of reality is possible - there can be no knowledge of anything beyond experience.

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Trigger conditions Year is between 1750 and 1776 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. did not have this event before.	Mean time to happen 300 months
Excellent This country: gains 10 administrative power. gains 10 prestige.

id

John Locke

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John Locke was an initiator of the Enlightenment in England and France, an inspirer of the U.S. Constitution and the author of, among other works, 'An Essay Concerning Human Understanding'. Locke held that knowledge of the world could only be gained by experience and reflection on experience, and this knowledge was being gained by Boyle, Sydenham, Christiaan, Huygens, and Newton. They were the true philosophers who were advancing knowledge.

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Trigger conditions Year is between 1689 and 1700 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. did not have this event before.	Mean time to happen 300 months
Excellent This country: gains 10 administrative power. gains 10 prestige.

id

Isaac Newton

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English physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton was the culminating figure of the scientific revolution of the 17th century. In optics his discovery of the composition of white light integrated the phenomena of colors into the science of light and laid the foundation for modern physical optics. In mechanics his three laws of motion, the basic principles of modern physics, resulted in the formulation of the law of universal gravitation. In mathematics he was the original discoverer of the infinitesimal calculus. Newton's 'Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy' from 1687, was one of the most important single works in the history of modern science.

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Trigger conditions Year is between 1687 and 1713 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. did not have this event before.	Mean time to happen 300 months
Excellent This country: gains 10 administrative power. gains 10 prestige.

War of the Roses events

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Lack of an Heir

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The lack of an heir has caused rumors at the court concerning [Root.Monarch.GetName]'s alleged infertility. This is most troubling as there are several nobles waiting in the wings, ready to claim the throne at the death of [Root.Monarch.GetName].

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Is England Is not in a regency Does not have an heir Is not a lesser partner in a personal union does not have a ruler with an infertile personality. War of the Roses has not ended War of the Roses disaster is not ongoing Year is before 1500	Mean time to happen 60 months
Most troubling indeed Gain ruler modifier "Low Fertility" until ruler death -50% heir chance

id

Rumors Dispelled

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With the birth of an heir, [Root.Monarch.GetName] has finally dispelled the rumors of infertility.

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Trigger conditions Is England Has ruler modifier "Low Fertility" Has an heir	Mean time to happen 1 month
I will surely prove them wrong Remove country modifier "Low Fertility

id

The Rise of a Dynasty

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With the final battle now won, the War of the Roses - as it will come to be known - is at an end. We must now decide how to proceed, to strengthen our position at home and abroad. Even now there are whispers of potential usurpers, including the return from exile of the ambitious Henry Tudor. It might be prudent therefore to reconcile our two houses in matrimony.

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Trigger conditions The country: has a ruler of the York or Lancaster dynasty. is not the junior partner in a personal union. The ‘War of the Roses’ ended not more than 3 years ago.

Mean time to happen 1 month

There will never be reconciliation between our two dynasties! The country: gains 10 prestige. Every province of this country: gets the modifier “Rebellious People” for 5 years with the following effect: +5 local unrest. It is time for peace, let us join our two houses together in marriage. The country: gets a new heir: with a strong claim. named Henry of the Tudor dynasty. with an age of 24. with a 3/4/2 skill. If the country has a stability of less than +3, then it gains 1 stability, else it gains 50 administrative power.

Advisor events

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Sir Francis Walsingham

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Sir Francis Walsingham was Queen Elizabeth's Private Secretary. His main achievement was the perfect organization of a secret service and spying network that proved extremely efficient in aborting all conspiracies against the Queen's life and all other political and diplomatic plots. Extremely anti-Spanish, he was also the protector of Drake and financed most of the famous privateer's early expeditions against the Iberian power.

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Year is between 1550 and 1590 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. owns province Kent (235) or London (236). The advisor ‘Francis Walsingham’ does not exist.	Mean time to happen 300 months
An Excellent Minister! Gain +25 administrative power If owns Kent or London Gain skill 3 Spymaster advisor named Francis Walsingham in Kent or London (50% cheaper to employ)

id

Sir Robert Walpole

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Robert Walpole, Earl of Orford (1676-1745) was appointed War Minister in 1708. Compromised in many scandals, he loses his functions but is recalled upon the advent of the Hanoverian dynasty. He fervent partisan of European overall peace and balance, he dominated English political life from 1721 to 1742, as First Lord and Exchequer, a Prime Minister in fact if not in title.

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Trigger conditions Year is between 1700 and 1745 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. owns Essex (238) or London (236). did not have this event before. The advidor ‘Robert Walpole’ does not exist.	Mean time to happen 300 months
An Excellent Minister! Gain +25 administrative power If owns province Essex or London Gain skill 3 Statesman advisor named Robert Walpole in Essex or London (50% cheaper to employ)

id

Sir Thomas Gresham's Currency Reform

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English financier, born in London, and educated at the University of Cambridge. After attending the university, he was apprenticed to his uncle, a merchant, in whose service he displayed unusual business ability. In later years he became one of the wealthiest men in England. In 1551 he was appointed a factor, or royal agent, by King Edward VI. Charged with the management of the royal debt abroad, he virtually liquidated it by adroit financial manipulations on the bourse, or stock exchange, of Antwerp. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth I in 1559. While serving as her financial agent abroad, Gresham found that his tasks were difficult to execute because of the lower value of English currency in relation to the currencies of other countries.

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Year is between 1537 and 1579 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. owns London (236).	Mean time to happen 300 months
Immediate effects Set country flag ENG_had_event_9117
Reform Province London: Gain +1 base tax Lose -3% inflation Gain skill 3 Treasurer advisor named Thomas Gresham in London (50% cheaper to employ)

id

William Pitt the Elder

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William Pitt, the first Pitt (1708-1778), was the grandson of the Governor of Madras. Initially destined for a military career, he became a deputy in the Commons, member of the Whigs and an ardent patriot. Striving to give England a world maritime empire, he lead the coalition government of 1757 despite the profound hatred of George II and obtained decisive results in Canada and India. His departure in 1763 saved France from the toughest clauses of the Treaty of Paris ending the Seven Years War. Back to power in 1766-1778 despite his poor health, he advocated war against France in 1778.

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Trigger conditions Fires only once Year is between 1735 and 1778 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. owns London (236). The advisor ‘W. Pitt the Elder’ does not exist.	Mean time to happen 300 months
An Excellent Minister! Gain +25 administrative power If owns province London Gain skill 3 Statesman advisor named W. Pitt the Elder in London (50% cheaper to employ)

id

William Pitt the Younger

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William Pitt was the second son of William Pitt, 1st earl of Chatham. In December 1783, King George III took the opportunity to dismiss the coalition and asked the 24-year-old Pitt to form a government. When Parliament reassembled in January 1784, the government was at once defeated by 39 votes on a virtual motion of censure, but Pitt refused to resign, and gradually the coalition's majority in Parliament began to crumble. By March 8 the majority against him was one vote, and on March 25 Parliament was dissolved. In 1788 he signed the Triple Alliance between Britain, Prussia, and Holland, thereby ensuring that in a future war his country would not be bereft of allies as it had been during the American Revolution. In 1790 he demonstrated Britain's renewed power and prestige by negotiating a peace between Austria and Turkey. In 1784 he passed his own India Act, creating a board of control regulating Indian affairs and the East India Company. Finally, in 1791 the Canada Constitutional Act was passed. London became responsible for the government of both Lower and Upper Canada, but both provinces were given representative assemblies.

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Trigger conditions Year is between 1781 and 1806 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. owns Kent (235) or London (236). did not have this event before. The advisor ‘W. Pitt the Younger’ does not exist.	Mean time to happen 300 months
An Excellent Minister! Gain +25 administrative power If owns province of Kent or London: Gain skill 3 Statesman advisor named W. Pitt the Younger in Kent or London (50% cheaper to employ)

id

William Shakespeare

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English poet, dramatist and actor William Shakespeare is often called the English national poet and considered by many to be the greatest dramatist of all time. His plays written in the late 16th and early 17th centuries for a small repertory theater are now performed and read more often and in more countries than ever before. The prophecy of his great contemporary, the poet and dramatist Ben Jonson, that Shakespeare 'was not of an age but for all time' has been fulfilled.

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Trigger conditions Year is between 1593 and 1616 The country: is either Great Britain or England if Great Britain does not exist. did not have this event before. The advisor ‘William Shakespeare’ does not exist.	Mean time to happen 300 months
Glory to our Nation! Gain skill 2 Artist advisor named William Shakespeare in London (50% cheaper to employ)