Technology

Technology interface

There are three technology types that line up with the three types of monarch points. Each type is divided into 33 levels of technology which enable new abilities, buildings or units or improve existing skills. Each technology level in the game is associated with a particular year that corresponds roughly to when that technology historically appeared. (See: Year column in the lists of technologies.)

Types

Administrative

Administrative technology is the broad group that makes new government types available, increases production efficiency, unlocks national idea slots, and enables the construction of a wide range of different buildings, most of which are related to issues of stability and income. Higher levels also provide more administrative efficiency for your country, which means less coring costs and less aggressive expansion impacts but also higher liberty desire in colonial nation subjects. Most formable nations require administrative technology level 10 to form.

Diplomatic

Diplomatic technology is primarily related to interactions with other nations and far off lands. This research area increases trade efficiency, colonization range, diplomatic influence, and naval power. The buildings that diplomatic technology allows are trade and sea related.

Military

Military technology focuses on improving the performance of land forces and provides access to new troop types, increases the morale, maneuver and tactics of armies, and allows construction of buildings associated with warfare, including recruitment centers and fortresses.

Groups

Technology groups in 1444

Tech Groups

Western Eastern Anatolian Muslim Indian Chinese

East African West African Central African Aboriginal Polynesian

Nomadic Mesoamerican Andean North American South American

Each country belongs to a technology group, which determines the initial starting level of technology and in general terms how much of the map is discovered at the beginning of the game. Each group has a unique list of land unit types representing the general military strategy of similar countries. To view your technology group open the Military tab which lists all your units and the number of each type. The technology group is written at the top of the unit list.

Almost all countries in a given tech group begin the game either embracing the institution of feudalism or not (exceptions to this rule are listed below). Those that don't therefore start with a 50% penalty to technology cost due to institutions. Those that do embrace it have no such penalty, until the Renaissance starts shortly after 1450. All countries in a given tech group begin the game with their given tech level, regardless of whether or not that country begins with a tech penalty that deviates from the standard institution penalty of their given tech group. For more information, see Institutions.

Group	Starting institution penalty	Initial technology level
Western	+0%	3
High American [+]	+0%	3
Eastern	+0%	3
Anatolian	+0%	3
Muslim	+0%	3
Indian	+0%	3
Chinese	+0%	3
East African	+0%	3
West African	+50%	2
Central African	+50%	2
Nomadic	+50%	3
Mesoamerican	+50%	1
Andean	+50%	1
North American	+50%	1
South American	+50%	1
Aboriginal	+50%	1
Polynesian	+50%	2

+ Only exists if [1] playing a CK2 converted game where Sunset Invasion DLC was activated (replaces the usual tech group for some Native American empires), [2] fantasy content was enabled for a Random New World with the Conquest of Paradise DLC, [3] playing a custom nation created with the nation designer with the El Dorado DLC, or [4], by completing the Sunset Invasion mission available to New World Natives.

The following countries have their starting institution penalty different from other nations in their respective group:

Group	Starting institution penalty	Countries
Eastern	+50%	Circassia
Muslim	+50%	Anizah, Baluchistan, Dawasir, Djerid, Fadl, Fezzan, Luristan, Najd, Shammar, Tafilalt, Touggourt, Yas
Indian	+50%	Bastar, Chanda, Garha, Garjat, Jeypore, Jharkhand, Kachar, Kalahandi, Keonhjar, Ladakh, Manipur, Parlakhimidi, Patna, Ratanpur, Tripura
East African	+50%	Makuria, Sofala, Malagasy nations( Antemoro, Betsimisaraka, Imerina, Mahafaly, Sakalava)
Chinese	+50%	Ainu, Guge, Kham, Nivkh, Solon, Tsang, U, Yarkand, Siberian Clan Councils ( Chavchuveny, Chukchi, Kamchadals, Khodynt)
Nomadic	+0%	Manchu Nations: ( Jianzhou, Haixi, Xibe)

Cost

The cost for researching a new technology level consists of the base cost, 600 monarch points, multiplied by the current institution penalty and all modifiers, plus 100%.

${{\text{technology cost}}={\text{base cost }}\cdot \left(100\%+\sum {\text{general technology cost modifiers}}+\sum {\text{institution penalty }}\right)}$

Institution penalty

Main article: Institutions

There are eight world-changing ideas that spread throughout the world over the course of history. Societies that haven't embraced these ideas will have a harder time keeping up in technology as the rest of the world, especially Europe where these ideas usually originate, outpaces them. Each technology has specific institution requirements, which will increase tech cost by +15%, +30% or +50% when not fulfilled, and give a corresponding bonus to the maximum number of stockpiled monarch points. These penalties accumulate as additional institutions appear; at the extreme, a country that still hasn't embraced any institution in 1821 will have a +400% penalty to technology cost.

General modifiers

General modifiers reduce the cost of all technology types.

Increase over time

Technology cost increases over time. This increase is linear and only depends on the historic discovery date of the current technology of a country. This means if the historic discovery date of the current technology is 1444 the increase to discover the next technology is 0% and if the historic discovery date of the current technology is 1821 the increase is 30%.

Neighbor bonus

A country will get a -5% (up to a maximum of -75%) to technology cost for each level in a technology type it is behind the most advanced nation either bordering the country with a land connection to its own capital or in the same technology group as the country. This means that a Chinese or Indian nation will see a benefit merely from bordering a Western nation when the border connects via land to its capital, but a less-advanced Western nation will not be helped more by expanding to the borders of a highly advanced one (as it gains the bonus through technology group).

Espionage bonus

Once you have Study Technology (Diplomacy 9), the cost of a technology is reduced if you have a spy network in a nation that has that technology. The reduction scales with the size of the spy network. At 100 spy network the reduction is −5% per technology that the other country is ahead. The maximum reduction is −30%.

Ideas and policies

	Traditions	Ideas	Bonuses	Policies
−10%	—	Innovative idea 3: Scientific Revolution Acehnese/Pasai idea 5: Porch of Mecca Bohemian idea 5: Hussite Legacy Central Algonquian idea 5: Seven Fires Prophecy Great Yuan idea 3: The Three Teachings and Nine Schools All Respected Imperial German idea 2: The Universities of Germany Navarran idea 6: Royal Basque Society Palawa idea 5: First Aboriginal Writers Palembang idea 7: Learned Scholars	—	—
−5%	Anhalt traditions	Aksumite idea 5: Mediterranean Contacts Balinese idea 2: Imported Javanese Culture Bamberger idea 7: Universitas Ottoniano Fridericiana Beloozero idea 7: Scientific Patronage Bharathi idea 3: Golden Age of Sanskrit Literature Bolognese idea 7: La Dotta Bosnian idea 1: Heretic Teachings British idea 4: The Royal Society Bukharan idea 3: Mahalla Schools Dai Viet idea 7: Literary Reform Date idea 6: Keicho Embassy Dhundhari idea 6: Astronomical Education Estonian idea 4: An Estonian Academy Finnish idea 5: Found Turun Akatemia Flemish idea 6: Flemish Academics Hadramhi idea 6: Hadramhi Diaspora Ilkhanid idea 6: Patronize Observatories Japanese idea 3: Modernization Kildarean idea 4: The Wizard Earl Krakowian idea 6: Polish Athens LPC idea 7: Lithuanian Renaissance Lithuanian idea 7: Lithuanian Renaissance Lithuanian idea 7: Lithuanian Renaissance Malabari idea 3: Patronize the Kerala School Mayan idea 4: Shipwreck Survivors Milanese idea 5: Encouragement of Philosophers Naxian idea 6: Latin Roots Neapolitan idea 2: Academia Pontaniana Oda idea 6: Patronization of the West Oirat idea 4: Todo Besheg Script Palatinate idea 4: Bibliotheca Palatina Ryukyuan idea 6: National Academy Shimazu idea 7: Early 'Westernization' Shoni idea 7: Nabeshima Reform Sicilian idea 1: University of Catania So idea 7: Elementary School Sukhothai idea 2: Akson Thai Timurid idea 5: Timurid Renaissance Transoxianian idea 5: Scientific Patronage Tuscan idea 1: Birthplace of the Renaissance	German ambition Khorasani ambition Mughal ambition	—

Other modifiers

	Conditions
−5.0%	while parliament issue “Fund Expansion of Universities” is enabled
−5.0%	as curia controller
−5.0%	for all members of the HRE after the imperial reform “Ewiger Landfriede”
−5.0%	with a ruler that has the ‘Scholar’ personality
−5.0%	as Norse nation with Snotra as personal deity of the ruler
−5.0%	as Shinto nation with the isolationism level “Open Doors”
−0.1%	as Muslim nation for each point towards legalism
−10.0%	as Muslim nation with loyal Dhimmi estate above 60 influence. Lower influence gives a lower bonus.
−1%	per −1% modifier (up to −10% with 100 Legalism )
−1%	per −1% modifier to all power costs (up to −10% with 100 Innovativeness and another −10% during a Golden Era)
−5/−10%	holding Angkor Wat while province religion is in Buddhist or Dharmic group and same as owner (only with )
−5%	holding City of Khami while province religion is in Pagan group (only with )
−5/−10%	holding Mesa Verde while province religion is Totemist and same as owner (only with )
−5/−10%	holding Gyeongbok Palace while Culture is Korean and has the primary or an accepted culture of its owner (only with )
−5/−10%	holding Sankore Madrasah (only with )
+0.5%	as Nahuatl nation for each percentage point of doom
+5.0%	as Defender of the Faith without the Emperor DLC
+20.0%	during the Dominance of the Clergy disaster
+20.0%	during the Dominance of the Brahmins disaster
+20.0%	during the Empire of China in Name disaster
+20.0%	during the Crisis of the Ming Dynasty disaster as Ming
+25.0%	during the Janissary Coup disaster as the Ottomans or Rûm
+50.0%	during the Dominance of the Tribes disaster
+50.0%	during a bankruptcy

Type specific modifiers

Type specific modifiers reduce only the cost of one technology type.

Administrative

Ideas and policies:

	Traditions	Ideas	Bonuses	Policies
−10%	—	Administrative idea 7: Civil Service Candarid idea 2: Candarid Literary Reform Croatian idea 6: Croatian Renaissance Desmondian idea 7: Inner Perfection Farsi idea 2: Center of Religion and Philosophy Meath idea 6: Trinity College Moravian idea 6: Jesuit University Mori idea 1: Descendants of Oe Hiromoto Nubian idea 7: Egyptian Relations Nuremberger idea 3: Nuremberg Chronicle Slovak idea 2: Universitas Istropolitana Thüringian idea 4: Salana University Trierian idea 2: University of Trier	—	—
−5%	Chinese traditions	Korean idea 2: Metal Movable Type	—	—

Other modifiers:

	Conditions
+10%	for each year ahead of time in administrative technology
−2%	for each idea of an idea group in the administrative category
−5%	for trading in paper
−5%	for a tributary nation that is behind its overlord in administrative technology
−5%	for a Muslim nation following the Hanafi school or with Hanafi scholars
−10%	as Confucian country
−10%	with Confucian as secondary religion
−15%	for having the native advancement ‘Tribal Constitution’

Diplomatic

Ideas and policies:

	Traditions	Ideas	Bonuses	Policies
−10%	Cilli traditions	Diplomatic idea 7: Diplomatic Corps Clevian idea 6: Educated Duisberg Kuban idea 1: Journey of Enlightenment	Farsi ambition	—

Other modifiers:

	Conditions
+10%	for each year ahead of time in diplomatic technology
−2%	for each idea of an idea group in the diplomatic category
−5%	for trading in glass
−5%	for a tributary nation that is behind its overlord in diplomatic technology
−15%	for having the native advancement ‘Talking Leaves’

Military

Ideas and policies:

	Traditions	Ideas	Bonuses	Policies
−10%	—	Mercenary idea 4: Nation of War Kongo idea 3: Imported European Weaponry Leinster idea 7: Ballinacore Military Academy Manchu idea 6: Chinese Learning Pegu idea 5: Dynamic Warfare Sligonian idea 5: Study the Norman Traditions	—	Mercenary-Innovative: Military Innovation Act

Other modifiers:

	Conditions
+10%	for each year ahead of time in military technology
−2%	for each idea of an idea group in the military category
−5%	for a tributary nation that is behind its overlord in military technology
−10%	as Sikh nation
−15%	for having the native advancement ‘Flexible Warfare’

In addition there are many decisions, events and missions that influence technology cost (general or type specific).

Ahead of time penalty and bonus

A country is ahead of time in a technology type if the game year is earlier than the historic discovery date of the current technology.

If a nation has a technology that is ahead of time, the technology cost for the next technology of this type is increased by 10% per year ahead. Please note that this penalty is calculated with respect to the historical date of the current technology, not the one being researched.

While a nation has a technology that is ahead of time, it will also receive a bonus depending on the technology type:

• Administrative technologies will grant a +20% production efficiency bonus and -0.05 corruption
• Diplomatic technologies will grant a +20% trade efficiency bonus and -0.05 corruption
• Military technologies do not grant any additional bonus

List of technologies

Administrative technologies

Level	Technology	Effects	Year	Description
0	Tribal Government		1350	The most basic unit of governance is an extended family where all members of a community claim kinship with each other, a tribe in other words.
1	Advanced Tribes		1390	A family structure with most senior members at the top can work for nonrelated groups. In its simplest form, the system is meritocratic, with leadership tasks assigned to the most capable.
2	Feudal Monarchy		1420	As social organization improves, so do things like food production. Increasing food production allows a society to upkeep people who aren't producers of food themselves. This leads to creation of a military elite, to defend against enemy's military elite. Supporting of the military elite is the basis of the feudal system.
3	Medieval Administration	+2% Production efficiency May support rebels	1440	With a military elite to govern our society, the next stage of development is to have a literate class of administrators. Usually these will be drawn from the ranks of clergy.
4	Temples	Can now build temples	1453	Housing the machinery of government is as important as the machinery itself and one should never forget of the importance of religion when doing so.
5	National Ideas	Unlocks the first idea slot +2% Production efficiency	1466	Choosing the direction a country is going to take is perhaps the toughest choice a ruler will ever face. National ideas are the concepts that will shape our country for years to come.
6	Workshop	Can now build workshops Can now build farm estates Can now build ramparts	1479	Prior to the Industrial Revolution the Workshop- or Putting-out System was used in Early Modern Europe to organize the production of everything from Textiles to Wrought Iron. With materials provided craftsmen could refine various goods either in workshops or in their own home, bypassing the rigid restrictions of the guilds.
7	Renaissance Thought	Unlocks the second idea slot	1492	The notion of a noble oligarchy ruling the society has existed, since well, at least the Roman times, and remained popular in some parts of the world. Now this idea is once more gaining popularity amongst those who matter.
8	Courthouse	Can now build courthouses +100 Governing capacity	1505	The problem with a hereditary local nobility is that they tend to value their local interests over those of the rest of the nation. We need to steadily expand the reach of the government, which begins with two of the most important areas of administration, justice and taxation.
9	The Scythe	+2% Production efficiency	1518	Although it has been in existence for a long time, the scythe somehow still isn't the most popular tool for harvesting crops. By encouraging peasants to use a scythe instead of a sickle we will improve the efficiency of our harvests.
10	Modern Theocracy	Unlocks the third idea slot	1531	The development of the social structure is not exclusive to the aristocracy. The clergy too have to improve their internal governance. This will assist in the development of modern thought in our country.
11	Textile Manufactory	Can now build textile manufactories	1544	Textiles were manufactured since time immemorial. The invention of stocking frame in 1589 was the first step towards the industrial revolution and the beginning of mechanization. This invention would lead to increase in textile production.
12	Early Modern Administration	Can now build state house +100 Governing capacity	1557	In time it became apparent that a more centralized bureaucracy with administrative bodies run by educated officials employed directly by the state was a necessity for the ambitious projects of the Early Modern rulers.
13	Improved Drainage	+2% Production efficiency	1570	The more land we can cultivate, the bigger the population we can feed in that area. Gradual improvements in drainage have led to wetlands being brought into use.
14	Scientific Experimentation	Unlocks the fourth idea slot Can now build plantations	1583	While it is true that we stand on the shoulders of our ancestors it is high time that we start to learn about the world from our own, well documented observations. By observing the world around us and by experimenting to prove or disprove our ideas about it we can reach further than those before us.
15	Military Administration	May issue forced march Can now build soldier's households	1596	The ever increasing armies of the 16th century put bigger and harder demands on the administrative systems of states. By creating a permanent organization charged with taking care of the procuring and planning of Military supplies and by keeping more troops on the rolls even during wintertime or peacetime we will in the long run be able to field large armies more cheaply and be able to support these armies more efficiently while at war.
16	Metallurgy	+2% Production efficiency Can now build mills	1609	The process to produce wrought iron was under continuous improvement and by the early 17th century the finery process came to overtake the older Osmond process. Iron production could now be specialized with the working of the iron no longer taking place at the same location as it was mined and more, stronger and purer iron would in time lead to developments in many other sectors.
17	University	+250 Governing capacity +10% Administrative efficiency −10% Development cost modifier Can now build universities	1622	The great medieval universities were of course great but they were not able to produce enough graduates to staff our growing administration. We need to expand our universities or we will fall behind.
18	National Sovereignty	Unlocks the fifth idea slot	1635	The many and long wars of the first half of the 17th century have led to an international diplomatic system where the territorial integrity of states is a cornerstone. States rather than individual rulers or supra-national groupings are the actors on the international arena and no state has the right to intervene in the internal affairs of another.
19	Cathedral	Can now build cathedrals	1648	Promotion of religion will be crucial for the stability of the realm. It is not enough to be great, people must be able to see our greatness. The ancients knew how to display their greatness and we will do the same by building monuments to withstand the test of time.
20	Absolute Rulership	+250 Governing capacity	1661	There are many people who demand to be given a role in the government, but in reality mostly want rewards without effort. A new interesting idea of absolutism is spreading, which is a system where we dispose of those parasites and govern alone.
21	Land Clearance	Can now build furnaces +2% Production efficiency	1674	Large-scale woodlands are of course useful as a source of firewood and a place for hunting, but if the trees were to go, those lands could be used for farming instead.
22	The Constitution	Unlocks the sixth idea slot Can now build town halls	1687	A new philosophical concept called constitutionalism has been developed, where the government accepts legal limits to its power. This is an intriguing idea, but I can't see it catching on.
23	Measuring the World	+10% Administrative efficiency −10% Development cost modifier	1700	The new sciences have given us a number of different ways to describe and measure the world around us. Let us send these learned men out into the world in general and into our country in particular. We cannot know what resources are at our disposal until we have thoroughly searched all our lands for minerals, counted every last subject and assessed every last enterprise.
24	Bonds and Tontines	Can now build counting houses +250 Governing capacity	1715	Paying for the upkeep of the army, the navy and the administration itself accounts for the majority of the expenses for any state. As these are expenses that can run away quickly, however, taxes and tolls can be frustrating and inflexible ways to raise the money needed. While national debt is far from unheard of we need to come up with better plans for raising money. Bonds, tontines and other similar plans can be used both domestically and abroad to finance unforeseen expenses and will allow us to make much better use of the money we do have to develop our country.
25	Improved Production	+2% Production efficiency	1730	Having the technical means to improve land and thus production is useless without incentives to do so. By reforming the laws of land tenure we can provide greater incentives to adopt improved methods of production.
26	Separation of Powers	Unlocks the seventh idea slot	1745	An anonymous treatise on political theory has emerged, and despite efforts to suppress it it is quickly spreading across the world. It deals with the nature of forms of government, be they monarchies, despotisms, or democracies, and argues for a strict separation of the executive, legislative, and judiciary branches. This would protect the people and limit the power of a monarch, which is understandably a very popular prospect for many of our subjects. Despite the unfortunate implications for the power of monarchs, these ideas may well benefit our nation greatly.
27	Modern Bureaucracy	+10% Administrative efficiency −10% Development cost modifier +250 Governing capacity	1760	In order to make the most of the lands and subjects we control we must enlarge, reorganize and professionalize our bureaucracy. A robust organization can handle each part of our state and eliminate the need for ad hoc solutions. Let us put our universities at work to consider the best ways to efficiently rule and govern and let us encourage the sons of the nobility to serve the state with a pen in hand rather than a sword.
28	Rotherham Plough	+2% Production efficiency	1775	The basic plow in use in Europe has been unchanged since the Roman times. Now, thanks to improvements in design, the same plough can be made much lighter, reducing workload on draft animals, allowing them to do more work.
29	Rights of Man	Unlocks the eighth idea slot	1790	At the forefront of current revolutionary thought is the radical notion of equality for all. Philosophers from different parts of the world have worked together to create a document entitled the 'Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen', proclaiming that these rights are universal and should be enforced by law. It is likely that this will have ample repercussions for the development and spread of the concepts of freedom and democracy, and we would do well not to lag behind.
30	Advanced Production	+2% Production efficiency	1805	Fortunately for us, the so-called enlightened philosophers didn't restrict themselves to writing subversive political treaties, but they also have come up with ideas in the areas of science and engineering. These are a boon to our economy and have led to an increase in production.
31	Revolutionary Ideals	+500 Governing capacity	1820	These foolish revolutionaries think they can simply consign hundreds of years of progress to the dustbin of history, all in the name of such outlandish concepts as liberty and equality. We will defeat them through the tried and tested plan of stealing the bits and pieces of their ideas that we like.
32	Four Field Rotation	+2% Production efficiency	1835	My secretary of state assures me that the switch to clover as a fodder crop and the addition of the turnip in a 'four field' rotation will increase yields in agriculture. I am inclined to promote this idea.

Diplomatic technologies

Level	Technology	Effects	Unlocked units	Year	Description
0	Early Ships	+2.0 Morale of navies +60 Colonial range May fabricate claims	War Canoe	1350	Shipbuilding can mean a lot of different things, it is amazing how far you can get on a raft for example. However, this is not the same as creating a fleet to enforce policies of a state. This requires a whole different approach to the building of ships, as well as developing ways to control the navy you've built.
1	Merchants & Trade	Can place Merchants +100 Trade range +10 Global settler increase		1390	The patterns of trade had been seriously disrupted in the 14th century, possibly due to plagues and pandemics. Now trade is slowly beginning to recover.
2	The Barque	+100 Trade range +20 Naval engagement width	Barque Cog Galley	1420	The barque has a long history, beginning as an Ancient Egyptian river boat. However, since then the term has gradually come to mean a light ship.
3	The Early Carrack	+0.1 Morale of navies +10% Naval maintenance +100 Colonial range +2% Trade efficiency +15 Global settler increase May build flagships	Early Carrack	1440	The first true ocean-going ship. Unlike galleys and cogs, Carracks can serve the role of proper ocean-going warships.
4	Marketplace	+10 Trade range Can now build marketplaces		1453	Creation of legal and regional infrastructure in order to promote trade will not only encourage commerce but also allow us to better tax it.
5	Basic Financial Instruments	+20 Trade Range +10% Naval maintenance +2% Trade Efficiency Can now build coastal defence		1466	Overseas trade is very risky but also highly profitable. The development of financial instruments like letters of credit will help reduce the risk, increasing our profits.
6	Docks	Can now build docks May steal maps		1479	As time progressed an expanding and increasingly advanced shipbuilding sector put new demands on seaports. Well maintained and planned docks went from being a convenience to a necessity for any location wishing to become a centre for naval or maritime activity.
7	Naval Ambitions	+0.3 Morale of navies +115 Colonial range +10 Naval engagement width Can now build impressment offices		1492	With an extra boost to naval morale, our sailors will conquer the waves and rule the seas. While our colonists will be able to brave the dark corners of the world, founding new settlements farther from home than ever before.
8	Shipyards	+10 Trade range +0.2 Morale of navies Can now build shipyards +1 Max promoted cultures		1505	Land transportation of a lot of cargo is simply too expensive, moving it by ship is more efficient. Building shipyards will provide enough ships to do so.
9	Carracks & Caravel	+50 Colonial range +10% Naval maintenance May study technology	Carrack Caravel	1518	Development of the lateen sail allowed Carracks to sail much closer to the wind than earlier vessels. Enhanced maneuverability made them superior to other ships.
10	The Flute	+20 Trade range +2% Trade efficiency +10 Global settler increase	War Galley Flute	1531	A Flute is a specialized cargo vessel capable of carrying a large load with a very small crew. Flutes were designed to be built cheaply and in large numbers. A useful ship if you need to move things across the oceans.
11	Wharf	+100 Colonial range Can now build naval equipment manufactories		1544	The great wharfs and jetties will act as entrepôts for the world's goods. Let us build them and prosperity will follow.
12	Man of War	+0.4 Morale of navies +15 Naval engagement width Can now build naval battery May slander merchants		1557	Throughout the 16th century the increasing sailing ability of ships together with a growing number of more efficient guns have led to an increasing specialization of ship types. A Man of War is a ship dedicated entirely to sea warfare with a greater number of guns and ammunition than a ship that would also have to act as a Merchantman could ever hold. In the long run this development will lead to growing permanent navies and the development of naval tactics to better fit the new realities of sea warfare.
13	Chartered Companies	+2% Trade efficiency	Brig	1570	The world is a big place and in order to develop our trade in it sometimes quite big risks must be taken. Luckily there are Merchants in our country that would be willing to do so, using mostly their own capital. By sanctioning such companies with a Government charter giving them special rights to exercise government powers as well as monopolies in certain areas we can control and encourage commercial development of everything from foreign trade contacts to our colonial possessions overseas.
14	The Galleass	Can now build trade station +1 Max promoted cultures	Galleass	1583	Galleys were light and small, and it was very difficult to mount cannons on them. The Galleass was a larger vessel capable of carrying a broadside of cannons like a man-of-war. To compensate for this extra weight, Galleass would be equipped with an additional sail.
15	The Galleon	+50 Colonial range +10% Naval maintenance +15 Global settler increase May sabotage recruitment	Galleon Early Frigate	1596	The Galleon was created by lowering the forecastle and elongating the hull. These changes in design improved the speed and stability of the ship. Which was of vital importance for Galleons to serve as better gun platforms.
16	Development of Maritime Law	+20 Trade range +2% Trade efficiency		1609	With more and more countries sending their subjects or citizens abroad on various trading ventures and with so many living so close to each other for so long times it has become absolutely essential to have at least a basic concept of common laws of the seas. With publications such as 'Mare Liberum' or the later 'De Dominio Maris Dissertatio' the foundations to an international law of the seas has been laid.
17	Merchantman	+50 Colonial range +20 Trade range Can now build trade depots	Merchantman	1622	Further development of transport ships led to construction of larger and faster vessels, which still tried to maintain the simplicity of construction of the Flute. These ships fell under the generic term Merchantman.
18	Line of Battle	+0.5 Morale of navies +10 Naval engagement width May sow discontent	Galiot	1635	In order to make better use of the various developments in naval warfare new tactics are required. The evolution of broadside cannon have meant that the most efficient way for ships is no longer to seek to board the other party but rather to form a line of battle to be able to maximize the amount of firepower directed at the enemy.
19	The War Galleon	+50 Colonial range +10% Naval maintenance Can now build drydocks	War Galleon Frigate	1648	The War Galleon, also known as a race-built Galleon, was built by reducing the number of decks on a Galleon. This sacrificed cannons for maneuverability, which proved to be beneficial in combat.
20	Naval Professionalization	+20 Trade range +2% Trade efficiency +1 Max promoted cultures		1661	Even at the beginning of the 17th century permanent navies were quite small and even naval powers of note would mostly maintain a naval force to meet their immediate needs. Over time however we are moving in the direction of a larger professional navy. Unless we want to see our rivals overtaking us in naval matters we must strive to create a larger permanent navy with an administrative structure to support it as well as ensure that a naval career can be a permanent occupation for our officers.
21	The Chebeck	May sabotage reputation	Chebeck	1674	Originally developed by Barbary Corsairs, this galley didn't carry as many guns as a galleass, but it was smaller and far more maneuverable. This improved maneuver allowed it to be far more effective in combat.
22	Limes	The naval attrition is no longer increased by staying out at sea each month. +0.5 Morale of navies +10% Naval maintenance +5 Naval engagement width Can now build stock exchanges	Twodecker Trabakul	1687	In 1614 a rather mad physician wrote a treatise suggesting that scurvy was a result of a dietary problem and could be solved by consuming lemon or lime juice. As it turns out, there was method in his madness and we have started providing this new diet for our sailors. Other countries call us limey now.
23	Heavy Frigates	+150 Colonial range +25 Global settler increase Client States unlocked Advanced Casus Belli unlocked (Imperialism & Nationalism)	Heavy Frigate	1700	Original frigate design described any ship that was built for speed and maneuverability. As the concept developed though, it became its own unique class of a ship designed to support ships of the line.
24	The Archipelago Frigate	+20 Trade range +2% Trade efficiency +10 Naval engagement width Can now build grand shipyards May corrupt officials	Archipelago Frigate	1715	A special version of the Frigate originally developed for operation in the Baltic. It kept a broadside of a frigate, but had a shallow draft and oars giving greater maneuverability in shallow waters, while sacrificing seakeeping in open oceans.
25	The Threedeckers	+0.5 Morale of navies +10% Naval maintenance	Threedecker	1730	The addition of a third deck was a small sacrifice in maneuverability for a huge gain in close combat. The additional deck gave the ship an ability to fire onto the decks of smaller two-decker ships, while at the same time protecting its own deck.
26	The Eastindiaman	+200 Colonial range +25 Global settler increase +1 Max promoted cultures	Great Frigate East Indiaman	1745	The East Indiaman was the largest merchant ship built, it typically could displace in excess of 1,000 tons and measure over 175 feet in length. Those queens of the oceans were the most efficient way of moving men and cargo around the globe.
27	Public Punishments	+0.5 Morale of navies +10% Naval maintenance May agitate for liberty		1760	Life at sea is full of dangers and thus the punishments need to be harsh. If they do not have a sufficient deterrence effect, we will quickly run into trouble. Over time a system of highly public punishments has evolved, and now the time has come to formalize those. This will greatly enhance discipline at sea.
28	Joint Stock Companies	+20 Trade range +2% Trade efficiency		1775	As trade grew, so did the risk. New ways of accumulating capital and managing risk needed to be developed. In Joint Stock Companies the risk of enterprise was shared among their many shareholders.
29	Midshipmen Cadets	+0.5 Morale of navies +10% Naval maintenance		1790	Originally the midshipman was a rank given to an experienced seaman who worked amidships. Men who aspired to become officers would often choose to serve in this role. If we formalize this, and make it a precondition for acquiring the rank of a commissioned officer, we will ensure our future leaders understand the ships they command.
30	Insurance Companies	+20 Trade range +2% Trade efficiency May infiltrate administration		1805	A further reduction of risk came with the development of insurance. The ability for people to offset risk through payment of a small fee to an insurance broker allowed for further growth of trade.
31	Superior Ship Design	+0.5 Morale of navies +10% Naval maintenance +1 Max promoted cultures		1820	Building ships that are slightly faster than those of our opponents, even if the amount of this extra speed is so negligible that it is of no military significance, can still fill our crews with confidence and make our enemy wary of taking us on in an even fight.
32	The Gold Standard	+20 Trade range +2% Trade efficiency +50 Global settler increase		1835	The ongoing trade deficit between Europe and China has caused a shortage of silver bullions in Europe and all over the world. Switching from silver coinage to gold coinage will allow new coinage to enter circulation and get trade flowing in ever greater amounts.

Military technologies

Level	Technology	Effects	Unlocked units	Year	Description
0	Pre-Medieval Military	+0.25 Infantry fire +0.20 Infantry shock +0.80 Cavalry shock +2.00 Morale of armies		1350	The citizen soldier, the tribal warrior, essentially the non-professional. The starting point for any military.
1	Medieval Military	Can now build castles +0.10 Infantry shock +0.10 Infantry fire	Infantry Halberd Infantry Latin Medieval Infantry Bardiche Infantry Eastern Medieval Infantry Yaya Infantry Muslim Archer Muslim Foot Soldier Indian Foot Soldier Asian Longbow Asian Longspear Infantry East Asian Spearmen Eastern Archers African Clubmen African Spearmen Clubmen Native American Archer Mesoamerican Spearmen American Mountain Warriors South American Spearmen Xantican Warrior Aboriginal Spearman Boomerang Hunter Polynesian Spearmen Cavalry Chevauchée Latin Knights Druzhina Cavalry Eastern Knights Musellem Cavalry Charge Cavalry Muslim Cavalry Muslim Cavalry Archers Elephant Archers Indian Cavalry Archer Cavalry East Asian Archer Cavalry Eastern Steppe Cavalry Eastern Swarm Cavalry Abyssinian Light Cavalry Mandekalu Cavalry	1390	The creation of a professional military class is the first step to creation of a modern army.
2	Eastern Swarm	+0.20 Infantry shock +0.20 Cavalry shock +5 Combat width		1420	Charging blindly at the enemy is perhaps not the greatest tactic known to man, but it is one of the simplest to master. It is also the stepping stone to more advanced strategies.
3	Late Medieval Military	Can drill armies +0.50 Morale of armies		1440	By the end of the middle ages the land armies had become more professional and well organized. Better systems are in place to support the mix of levies and professional soldiers that now dominate the battle fields and the power of infantry is slowly but steadily gaining on the cavalry arm.
4	Pike Square	+0.50 Morale of armies +0.25 Military tactics		1453	Throughout the middle ages cavalry's dominance was being challenged by disciplined pikemen. In battles such as Bannockburn or the Golden Spurs, cavalry was defeated by pikes. A combination of improved training and discipline, and the addition of swordsmen to provide close combat support has raised this formation to the peak of its efficiency.
5	Standardized Pikes	+50% Supply limit +0.15 Infantry shock +0.20 Cavalry shock +2 Combat width	Infantry Galloglaigh Infantry Longbow Men at Arms Eastern Militia Azab Infantry Muslim Duel Infantry Indian Arquebusier Defensive Asian Foot Soldier Offensive Asian Foot Soldier Central African Warrior North African Warrior South African Warrior West African Warrior Algonkin Tomahawk Warriors Ambush Infantry American Plains Warriors American Forest Warriors American Hill Warriors American Plains Warriors Incan Axemen Incan Slingshots Reformed Mountain Warriors South American Forest Warriors Reformed Xantican Warrior Aboriginal Ambusher Reformed Boomerang Warrior Ritual Warrior Polynesian Reformed Spearmen	1466	A pike is a remarkably simple weapon to make, but to get the full benefit from the use of pikes, it's required for the whole formation to be wielding weapons of similar length and blade.
6	Arquebus	Can now build barracks +0.25 Military tactics +0.30 Infantry shock +0.20 Infantry fire +2 Combat width	Cavalry Stratioti Cavalry Timariot Cavalry Shaybanid Cavalry Indian Cavalry Archers Asian Steppe Cavalry Samurai Cavalry Somali Light Cavalry Tuareg Cavalry North American Horsemen Central American Horsemen South American Horsemen American Horsemen Aboriginal Horsemen Polynesian Horsemen	1479	Although hand cannons had been developed in China in the 12th century and had spread to Europe by the 14th, the weakness of these weapons reduced their battlefield utility. Light and reliable Arquebus was able to displace bow due to three main factors. It had better armor penetration, it was easier to train men to use it, and it did not rely on the strength of the user.
7	The Limber	+1.00 Artillery fire +0.05 Artillery shock +0.25 Military tactics	Artillery Houfnice Large Cast Bronze Mortar	1492	Artillery had been documented in Europe since the thirteenth century, but due to its lack of mobility, it had very limited battlefield use. The development of the Limber in the 1470s allowed guns to become more mobile and thus useful.
8	Pike and Shot	Can now build regimental camps +0.25 Infantry fire +0.80 Cavalry shock		1505	The Arquebus was easy to use as a weapon, but was also inaccurate and slow to fire, leaving its user vulnerable to cavalry charges. Blending with Pikemen allowed Arquebusiers to fire and then fall back to be shielded by Pikemen when enemy cavalry or infantry appeared.
9	Professional Officers	+0.25 Military tactics +1 Combat width	Infantry Condotta Infantry Landsknecht Infantry Reformed Galloglaigh Infantry Pike Infantry Janissary Infantry Shamshir Infantry Poligar Infantry Toofangchis Asian Arquebusier Steppe Raiders Xiuhtecuhtli Soldier	1518	The value of training and experience has always been great on the battlefield. With the advent of gunpowder and the tactical changes associated with it and other infantry weapons came a great demand for units versed in these new innovations. As professional armies were still far away this need had to be filled by mercenary units such as the Condottieri, Swiss Mercenaries or Landsknechte. A growing class of professional mercenary officers came to live of supplying these regiments to needing states in the middle of the military transition.
10	Reiter	+25% Improved flanking range	Infantry Native American Mountain Warriors Reformed American Forest Warriors Reformed American Hill Warriors Reformed American Plains Warriors Defensive American Musketeers South American Arquebusier Outback Warriors Polynesian Island Warriors Cavalry Schwarze Reiter Eastern Hussar Spahi Cavalry Qizilbash Cavalry Mansabdar Cavalry Reformed Asian Steppe Cavalry Steppe Riders Abyssinian Barded Cavalry Mossi Horsemen North American Cavalry Central American Cavalry South American Cavalry Xiuhtecuhtli Cavalry Aboriginal Cavalry Polynesian Cavalry Artillery Culverin Pedrero	1531	Pike and shot formations proved a major threat to medieval knights. The initial response was heavier armor to counter the power of gunpowder weapons, but this slowed down cavalry, reducing their shock power. Reiters were usually armed with two pistols and a sword, allowing them to either shoot or charge depending on the opposition they faced.
11	Matchlock Musket	Can now build weapons manufactories +0.20 Infantry shock +0.50 Cavalry fire +2 Combat width		1544	The Arquebus proved to be a very effective weapon for armor penetration, the result was that armor began to get heavier to resist its fire. A larger musket could deliver a heavier round offering better armor penetration
12	Spanish Square	+50% Supply limit +0.25 Military tactics	Infantry Free Shooter Infantry Tercio Infantry Defensive Eastern Musketeers Offensive Eastern Musketeers Sekban Infantry Muslim Musketeer Akbarid Musketeers South Indian Infantry Banner Infantry Steppe Footmen African Forest Warriors African Hill Warriors African Mountain Warriors African Plains Warriors Xiuhtecuhtlian Infantry	1557	Spanish Square developed naturally from the Pike and shot formations. At its core was a traditional Pike Square. At each of the corners it had a group of Arquebusiers. It kept the staying power of the traditional pike square and enhanced it with the firepower of the Arquebus.
13	Trunnions	+0.10 Artillery shock +0.40 Artillery fire	Artillery Large Cast Iron Cannon Small Cast Iron Cannon	1570	The new and more mobile artillery had one problem - it could not be easily elevated up and down to adjust its firing range. Trunnions were cylindrical protrusions that acted as mounts for the gun on its carriage, which allowed it to be tilted and thus aimed better.
14	Tenaille	Can now build bastions +0.30 Infantry fire +2 Combat width	Infantry Creek Arquebusier Native American Arquebusier American Forest Musketeers American Hill Musketeers Offensive American Musketeers Reformed American Musketeers Ambush Arquebusier Offensive Arquebusier Polynesian Arquebusiers Cavalry Latin Caracole Cavalry Eastern Caracole Reformed Eastern Hussars Southern Cossacks Muslim Musketeer Cavalry Dai-Phat Cavalry Asian Charge Cavalry Steppe Lancers African Hussar North American Hussar Central American Hussar South American Hussar American Hussars Aboriginal Hussar Polynesian Hussars	1583	It was difficult to fire around curved walls, thus once attackers got close enough to the fortification, the ability of other parts of the defenses to provide flanking fire was nullified. The development of star-shaped bastions allowed every part of the wall to be supported from other parts.
15	Maurician Infantry	+1.00 Morale of armies +0.25 Military tactics	Infantry Charge Infantry Maurician Infantry Eastern Tercio Soldaty Infantry Afsharid Reformed Infantry Asian Mass Infantry Steppe Musketeers Central African Musketeers East African Musketeers North African Musketeers South African Musketeers	1596	The size and depth of the Spanish Square gave it staying power but made it slow and cumbersome to maneuver on the battlefield. It also led to a large percentage of troops being inactive during battles. Maurice of Nassau, the Stadtholder of the Netherlands, reduced the total number of men in the formation to make it more mobile and reduced its depth, so it maintained the same firepower and shock values.
16	Standardization of Calibre	Can now build training fields +0.10 Artillery shock +1.00 Artillery fire +1 Combat width	Artillery Chambered Demi-Cannon	1609	With artillery's growing importance in the battlefield, also the number of firearms kept increasing. But because each gun was made separately, it also required great effort to resupply. In 1544, Emperor Charles V declared that there would be only 5 calibres of gun, while King Henry II of France set 6 standard calibres.
17	Flintlock Musket	+1.00 Cavalry shock +50% Supply limit	Cavalry Maratha Raiders Banner Cavalry African Swarm Cavalry	1622	The matchlock firing mechanism's biggest weakness was the need to keep the match lit in order to fire the weapon. Although wheellock was developed, it was too expensive to produce to enter into mass use. The development of flintlock created a more reliable weapon.
18	Carbine	+25% Improved flanking range +2 Combat width	Infantry Deccani Musket Infantry North Indian Musket Infantry Xoloti Cavalry Gallop Cavalry Reformed Spahi Cavalry Afsharid Reformed Cavalry Musket Charge Cavalry Mounted Steppe Raiders Aboriginal Swarm Cavalry Polynesian Swarm Cavalry Artillery Leather Cannon	1635	The carbine was a shorter form of the musket.
19	Gustavian Infantry	Can now build star forts +0.25 Military tactics +50% Supply limit	Infantry Gustavian Infantry Highlanders Infantry Reformed Tercio Saxon Infantry Reformed Janissary Infantry Asian Musketeer Steppe Infantry Rifle Scout Infantry American Guerrilla Warfare Central American Guerrillas Incan Guerrilla South American Guerrilla Frontier Riflemen Polynesian Riflemen Cavalry North American Swarm Cavalry Central American Swarm Cavalry South American Swarm Cavalry American Swarm Cavalry	1648	Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, further developed infantry units to improve their firepower. His infantry formations were narrowed and made rectangular to increase the number of muskets that could fire in each volley. Attachment of small artillery pieces further increased the firepower of infantry.
20	Killing Grounds	+0.50 Infantry fire +2 Combat width	Artillery Swivel Cannon	1661	With development of new bastions engineers began to improve the art of positioning them to channel attacking armies into specially prepared killing grounds, where the defenders could inflict maximum amount of casualties on their enemy.
21	Line Infantry	+0.25 Military tactics +0.50 Infantry shock		1674	Thanks to bayonets, each musketeer could function as a pikeman as well. This allowed pikes to be removed from infantry equipment and provided infantry formations with more firepower.
22	Cartridge	Can now build conscription centers +0.50 Cavalry fire +0.10 Artillery shock +2.00 Artillery fire +2 Combat width	Cavalry Cossack Cavalry Winged Hussars Artillery Coehorn Mortar	1687	In the 1620s the idea of combining the shot and powder into a single unit, a cartridge, allowed for faster reloading and thus firing. This in turn dramatically improved the firepower of guns.
23	Light Cavalry	+1.00 Cavalry shock +0.25 Military tactics +50% Improved flanking range	Infantry Caroline Infantry Grenzer Infantry Line Infantry Petrine Infantry Nizami Cedid Infantry Reformed Muslim Musketeers Telingas Central African Guerrillas East African Guerrillas North African Guerrillas Foreign Influenced Infantry Cavalry Arme Blanche Cavalry Latin Dragoons Latin Hussars Toprakli Hit and Run Cavalry Ali Bey Reformed Cavalry Muslim Dragoon Deccani Light Cavalry Asian Dragoons Steppe Cavalry African Dragoon North American Dragoon Central American Dragoon South American Dragoon American Dragoon Aboriginal Dragoon Polynesian Dragoons	1700	Heavily armored cavalrymen were by their nature cumbersome to form up and vulnerable on the battlefield. Lighter cavalry was added to armies to act as scouts for the army during marching and screen heavier cavalry before its charge on the battlefield.
24	Covered Way	Can now build fortresses +0.25 Military tactics +2 Combat width		1715	An outer ditch became a key area for the siege. If attacking troops gained control of the glacis, then the bastions would be lost. The ditch became the first line of defense for a fort. Access to this ditch, and ensuring it kept providing protection to defending troops became a key part of fortification design.
25	Royal Mortar	+0.10 Artillery shock +2.00 Artillery fire	Artillery Royal Mortar	1730	Improvements in metallurgy allowed cannons to become lighter and more reliable. This allowed them to become more effective on the battlefield.
26	Light Infantry Companies	+1.00 Morale of armies +2 Combat width	Infantry Blue Coat Infantry Frederickian Infantry Redcoat Infantry White Coat Infantry Green Coat Infantry Eastern Carabinier Muslim Mass Infantry North Indian Sepoy Reformed Asian Musketeer Steppe Rifles Westernized Central African Infantry Westernized East African Infantry Westernized North African Infantry Westernized South African Infantry North American Guerrillas Westernized American Hill Infantry Westernized American Plains Infantry Westernized Incan Infantry Westernized South American Infantry Reformed Influenced Infantry Black War Infantry Polynesian Guerrillas Cavalry Carabiniers Reformed Latin Hussars Uhlan Cavalry Lancers Reformed Cossack Cavalry Eastern Skirmisher Eastern Uhlan	1745	First introduced to the Austrian army as irregular troops from the military frontier during the Seven Years war, Light Infantry Companies were deployed in loose order and proved to be very effective at harassing enemy and leading assaults on entrenchments.
27	Bayonet	+50% Supply limit +0.50 Infantry fire		1760	Although a musket could always be wielded as a club, it was not an effective hand-to-hand weapon. A bayonet was a blade that was fitted to the end of a musket, allowing the weapon to function as a spear. Initial bayonet designs plugged the barrel, making it an either or choice, but the development of the ring bayonet, which fitted around the barrel, turned a musket into a useful support weapon.
28	Cuirassier	+25% Improved flanking range +0.50 Infantry shock	Infantry Impulse Infantry Square Infantry Cavalry Latin Chasseur Latin Cuirassiers Latin Lancers Advanced Cossack Cavalry Eastern Cuirassiers Reformed Lancer Toprakli Dragoons Durrani Cavalry Durrani Swivel Cavalry Mysorean Light Cavalry Sowars Green Standard Cavalry Reformed Asian Cavalry Steppe Uhlans African Cuirassier	1775	Although a cuirass (or a breast plate) had existed for many years, only recently a new style of cavalryman gained popularity, with only a breast and back plate, which provided better balance between protection to the key parts of the body and mobility.
29	Defense in Depth		Artillery Flying Battery	1790	Thanks to the building of several layers of fortification, overrunning of outer bastions simply moved the siege to the next layer, forcing attackers to prepare new locations to site guns and increasing the length of the siege.
30	Impulse Warfare	+0.25 Military tactics +1.00 Morale of armies +25% Improved flanking range	Infantry Drill Infantry Jäger Infantry Mixed Order Infantry Napoleonic Square Mass Infantry Eastern New Model Infantry Muslim Rifle Infantry Indian Drill Infantry Reformed Steppe Rifles African Western Franchise Infantry American Westernized Infantry Westernized Central American infantry Reformed Westernized Incan Infantry Reformed Xoloti	1805	The introduction of light infantry troops led to a change in warfare. Skirmishers were deployed forward in loose order to distract and harass the enemy before the main infantry attack, which was typically delivered in either a line or a column.
31	Rifle	+1.00 Cavalry shock +1.00 Infantry fire +50% Supply limit		1820	The musket's weakness was the fact that it was highly inaccurate beyond 50 yards. The rifle, although never a standard infantry weapon, added greater range to elite units, which gave the army a greater overall punch.
32	Field Howitzer	+0.25 Military tactics +0.10 Artillery shock +2.00 Artillery fire		1835	Originally developed for siege purposes, the howitzer fired a high angled projectile over the fortifications and into the town inside. The field howitzer, a lighter more mobile variant, would fire an explosive shell above enemy troops. Mixed with other artillery types, it added to the effectiveness of artillery brigades.

Cumulative mil tech effects to army

Level	Infantry fire	Cavalry fire	Artillery fire	Infantry shock	Cavalry shock	Artillery shock	Morale of armies	Military tactics	Improved flanking range	Combat width	Supply limit
0	+0.25	+0.0	+0.0	+0.20	+0.8	+0.00	+2.0	+0.50	+0%	+15	+0%
1	+0.35	+0.0	+0.0	+0.30	+0.8	+0.00	+2.0	+0.50	+0%	+15	+0%
2	+0.35	+0.0	+0.0	+0.50	+1.0	+0.00	+2.0	+0.50	+0%	+20	+0%
3	+0.35	+0.0	+0.0	+0.50	+1.0	+0.00	+2.5	+0.50	+0%	+20	+0%
4	+0.35	+0.0	+0.0	+0.50	+1.0	+0.00	+3.0	+0.75	+0%	+20	+0%
5	+0.35	+0.0	+0.0	+0.65	+1.2	+0.00	+3.0	+0.75	+0%	+22	+50%
6	+0.55	+0.0	+0.0	+0.95	+1.2	+0.00	+3.0	+1.00	+0%	+24	+50%
7	+0.55	+0.0	+1.0	+0.95	+1.2	+0.05	+3.0	+1.25	+0%	+24	+50%
8	+0.80	+0.0	+1.0	+0.95	+2.0	+0.05	+3.0	+1.25	+0%	+24	+50%
9	+0.80	+0.0	+1.0	+0.95	+2.0	+0.05	+3.0	+1.50	+0%	+25	+50%
10	+0.80	+0.0	+1.0	+0.95	+2.0	+0.05	+3.0	+1.50	+25%	+25	+50%
11	+0.80	+0.5	+1.0	+1.15	+2.0	+0.05	+3.0	+1.50	+25%	+27	+50%
12	+0.80	+0.5	+1.0	+1.15	+2.0	+0.05	+3.0	+1.75	+25%	+27	+100%
13	+0.80	+0.5	+1.4	+1.15	+2.0	+0.15	+3.0	+1.75	+25%	+27	+100%
14	+1.10	+0.5	+1.4	+1.15	+2.0	+0.15	+3.0	+1.75	+25%	+29	+100%
15	+1.10	+0.5	+1.4	+1.15	+2.0	+0.15	+4.0	+2.00	+25%	+29	+100%
16	+1.10	+0.5	+2.4	+1.15	+2.0	+0.25	+4.0	+2.00	+25%	+30	+100%
17	+1.10	+0.5	+2.4	+1.15	+3.0	+0.25	+4.0	+2.00	+25%	+30	+150%
18	+1.10	+0.5	+2.4	+1.15	+3.0	+0.25	+4.0	+2.00	+50%	+32	+150%
19	+1.10	+0.5	+2.4	+1.15	+3.0	+0.25	+4.0	+2.25	+50%	+32	+200%
20	+1.60	+0.5	+2.4	+1.15	+3.0	+0.25	+4.0	+2.25	+50%	+34	+200%
21	+1.60	+0.5	+2.4	+1.65	+3.0	+0.25	+4.0	+2.50	+50%	+34	+200%
22	+1.60	+1.0	+4.4	+1.65	+3.0	+0.35	+4.0	+2.50	+50%	+36	+200%
23	+1.60	+1.0	+4.4	+1.65	+4.0	+0.35	+4.0	+2.75	+100%	+36	+200%
24	+1.60	+1.0	+4.4	+1.65	+4.0	+0.35	+4.0	+3.00	+100%	+38	+200%
25	+1.60	+1.0	+6.4	+1.65	+4.0	+0.45	+4.0	+3.00	+100%	+38	+200%
26	+1.60	+1.0	+6.4	+1.65	+4.0	+0.45	+5.0	+3.00	+100%	+40	+200%
27	+2.10	+1.0	+6.4	+1.65	+4.0	+0.45	+5.0	+3.00	+100%	+40	+250%
28	+2.10	+1.0	+6.4	+2.15	+4.0	+0.45	+5.0	+3.00	+125%	+40	+250%
29	+2.10	+1.0	+6.4	+2.15	+4.0	+0.45	+5.0	+3.00	+125%	+40	+250%
30	+2.10	+1.0	+6.4	+2.15	+4.0	+0.45	+6.0	+3.25	+150%	+40	+250%
31	+3.10	+1.0	+6.4	+2.15	+5.0	+0.45	+6.0	+3.25	+150%	+40	+300%
32	+3.10	+1.0	+8.4	+2.15	+5.0	+0.55	+6.0	+3.50	+150%	+40	+300%

Cumulative dip tech effects to navy

Diplomatic technology level	0	3	7	8	12	18	22	25	27	29	31
Morale of Navies	+2.0	+2.1	+2.4	+2.6	+3.0	+3.5	+4.0	+4.5	+5.0	+5.5	+6.0

References

Mechanics

Ages and Institutions

Ages • Institutions

Innovativeness and Technology

Innovativeness • Technology

Customization

Nation designer • Random New World

Defense

Fort • Zone of control