Land units

This page deals with the the individual land unit types.
For information on the recruitment and maintenance of armies see army. For land combat mechanics see land warfare.

This article discusses the three types of land units – infantry, cavalry and artillery – that make up an army, and their different models throughout the eras of the game. Land units are the main resource utilised in land warfare.

Infantry

The backbone of any army, the humble infantryman has marched since time immemorial. The bedrock of your army that sets the platform for your other arms to fight, and first in the breech when a fortress is stormed.

Total infantry pips by tech group compared to tech level

The core of any army, infantry are required in order to hold the main line. All infantry have 1 pip in maneuver.

Cost

These ideas and other modifiers reduce the cost of recruiting and maintaining infantry.

	Traditions	Ideas	Bonuses	Policies
−20%	Berg traditions Mewari traditions	Imerina idea 7: Foloalindahy Maratha idea 3: Peasant Soldiers Burmese idea 7: Bayingyi	Georgian ambition	—
−15%	Ava traditions	—	—	—
−10%	Butua traditions Guarani traditions Jaunpuri traditions Lorraine traditions Malvi traditions Maravi traditions Nivernais traditions Polotskian traditions Sistani traditions Somali traditions	Arawak idea 1: Warrior Culture Bulgarian idea 4: Reform The Army Interlacustrine idea 5: Emitwe Kongolese idea 4: Initiation Rites Montenegrin idea 3: Clan Society Odoyev idea 5: Cities of the Upper Oka Valley Piratical idea 3: Buccaneers Romanian idea 5: Peasant Soldiers Slovak idea 5: Town Air Liberates Teutonic idea 1: Reform the Army Yaroslavlyian idea 3: Reform Boyars Zaporozhian idea 6: Army First	Baden ambition Tupi ambition	—

Combat ability

These ideas and other modifiers increase the damage dealt by infantry during combat.

	Traditions	Ideas	Bonuses	Policies
+20%	Swedish traditions	Prussian idea 5: The Goose Step	—	—
+15%	Imperial German traditions	Dalmatian idea 5: Dalmatian Independent Army Great Shun idea 6: From Sticks to Guns Hindustani idea 1: Sepahi Italian (cU) idea 2: The Tradition of the Legion	Bulgarian ambition Japanese ambition Three Leagues ambition	—
+10%	Ashanti traditions Aztec traditions Beloozero traditions Bengal Sultanate traditions Bengali traditions Chosokabe tradition Date traditions English traditions Georgian traditions German traditions Gujarat Sultanate traditions Hosokawa traditions Iroquois traditions Lotharingian traditions Lur traditions Malvi traditions Mewari traditions Milanese traditions Mindanao traditions Mushasha traditions Oda traditions Québécois traditions Rassid traditions Saluzzo traditions Shimazu traditions Slovak traditions Songhai traditions Swiss traditions Tokugawa traditions Tripuran traditions Tyrone traditions Veronese traditions Vijayanagar traditions Yemeni traditions Zambezi traditions	Quality idea 1: Private to Marshal Ainu idea 7: Fierce Resistance Amago idea 2: Izumo Shugo Arawak idea 5: Arawak Raiders Asakura idea 4: Asakura Soteki Australian idea 4: The Diggers Bohemian idea 3: Wagenburg Brandenburg idea 1: Northern March Brazilian idea 4: Halting Foreign Incursions Butua idea 3: Empowering the Rozwi Carib idea 2: Poisonous Warfare Caspian idea 2: A Time of Turmoil Chickasaw idea 2: Spartans of the Lower Mississippi Chinese idea 5: Firearm Training Croatian idea 7: Pandurs Dai Viet idea 1: The Great Proclamation Deccani Sultanate idea 4: Purchase Habshis Dithmarscher idea 1: Resistance to Feudalism Ethiopian idea 7: Reformed Armies French ducal idea 3: Qui Ruit Et Lethum Galician idea 7: Irmandinos Garjati idea 5: Jungle Warfare Gond idea 5: Raiding the Lowlands Greek idea 3: Klephtic Recruitment Guarani idea 7: Royal Armaments Interlacustrine idea 6: Unity of the Clans Jaunpuri idea 7: Modernization of the Army Laotian idea 5: Laotian Elephant Cavalry Leonese idea 7: Leonese Nationalism Maravi idea 5: Serving Abroad Nepali idea 6: The Gurkhas Orissan idea 1: Lord of the Elephants Ormond idea 1: English Service Polish idea 3: Piechota Wybraniecka Roman idea 4: The Roman Legions Sadiyan idea 6: Reform the Sadiya Armies Satake idea 4: Kashima Jingu Shiba idea 7: Mogami Family Somali idea 4: Offensive Warfare Tarascan idea 1: Copperworking Teutonic idea 3: Adjust our Infantry Tactics Tsutsui idea 1: Warrior Monks Tupi idea 3: It Is A Good Day To Die Tverian idea 6: Tverian Tercio	Deccani ambition Imerina ambition Indian Sultanate ambition Korean ambition Malian ambition Mantuan ambition Mayan ambition Montenegrin ambition Nepalese Princedom ambition Nivernais ambition Polotskian ambition Sistani ambition Serbian ambition Uesugi ambition	—
+5%	—	Athenian idea 7: Athenian Army Reform Kongo idea 5: The Triangle Trade Ryazan idea 5: March of Russia Tunisian idea 1: Catalan Guard	—	Innovative-Quality: Modern Firearm Techniques

Other modifiers include:

• +10% Is the Emperor of China (with the Boost Officer Corps decree)
• +10% Is a Daimyo
• +10% Is Mayan (with the Central Armories reform)
• +5% Is Confucian (with Shinto harmonized)
• +10% Is an Independent Daimyo

Cavalry

With the owning and maintaining of a horse being an expensive undertaking, the mounted warrior is the elite of any army. The speed of the horse gives this soldier greater mobility on the battlefield, while only the most disciplined soldiers can stand in the face of the cavalry charge.

Total cavalry pips by tech group compared to tech level

Cavalry is good for flanking once the main line has been filled, but are much more expensive than infantry. All cavalry have 2 pips in maneuver. Cavalry costs 2.5 times as much as infantry. They are more powerful than infantry, especially during the shock phase of combat.

Native American tech groups have no cavalry until military tech level 6 (historically, the horse was extinct in the Americas until its reintroduction by the Europeans).

Cost

These ideas and other modifiers reduce the cost of recruiting and maintaining cavalry.

	Traditions	Ideas	Bonuses	Policies
−33%	—	Horde government idea 1: Horse-lords of the Steppes	—	—
−20%	—	Aq Qoyunlu idea 2: Unite the Clans	—	—
−15%	Ilkhanid traditions	—	—	—
−10%	French ducal traditions Fulani traditions Hejazi traditions Indian Sultanate traditions Khivan traditions Polish traditions Takeda traditions Transoxianian traditions	Aristocratic idea 1: Noble Knights Al-Haasa idea 1: Desert Warfare Arabian idea 2: Arabian Horses Beloozero idea 1: Martial Heritage Charruan idea 4: Horse Adoption Circassian idea 1: Horsemen of the Steppe Couronian idea 7: Promote the Curonian Kings Mazovian idea 4: Szlachta Zasciankowa Nanbu idea 2: Owner of the 'Nine Gates' Odoyev idea 3: Commit to Tatar Ties Oirat idea 1: Fearsome Warriors of Tumu Permian idea 2: Turkic Mercenaries Punjabi idea 6: Strength of the Misls Ryazan idea 2: Tatar Mercenaries Samtskhe idea 6: Frontier Warriors Serbian idea 3: Home of the Hussars Shiba idea 5: Oshu Ties Swedish idea 3: The 'Hakkapeliitta' Teutonic idea 1: Reform the Army West African idea 5: Royal Stables Yaroslavlyian idea 3: Reform Boyars Zaporozhian idea 6: Army First	—	Aristocratic-Economic: The Court of Wards and Liveries
−5%	—	Mahri idea 5: Mahra Camels	—	—

• The Cossacks estate applies a modifier depending on its loyalty and influence levels (from +20% to −20%).
• The Tribes estate applies a modifier depending on its loyalty and influence levels (from 0 to −20%)

Combat ability

These ideas and other modifiers increase the damage dealt by cavalry during combat.

	Traditions	Ideas	Bonuses	Policies
+33%	—	Polish idea 4: Winged Hussars	—	—
+25%	—	—	Horde Ardor	—
+20%	Aq Qoyunlu traditions Chagatai traditions Great Yuan traditions Hungarian traditions Ilkhanid traditions Mughal traditions Oirat traditions Qara Qoyunlu traditions	Burmese idea 2: Elephant Warfare Crimean idea 1: Genghisid Legacy Golden Horde idea 3: Tatar Traditions Horde idea 2: Traditions of the Great Khan Kazani idea 3: Warrior Society Lithuanian idea 5: Lithuanian Hussars Mongolian idea 1: Ghostly Horses of the Plain Transoxianian idea 1: Mawarannahr, the land Beyond the River	—	—
+15%	Delhian traditions Khorasani traditions Persian traditions	Afghan idea 5: Durrani Imperialism Anatolian idea 3: Akîncî Cavalry Ansbach idea 7: Dragoons of Ansbach Ardabili idea 2: The Qizilbash Bharathi idea 1: Modernized War Elephant Tactics Chernihiv idea 2: Field Cossack Regiments Couronian idea 7: Promote the Curonian Kings Epirote idea 5: Latin Knights Finnish idea 2: The Hakkapeliitta Karamanid idea 3: Karamanid Cavalry Khivan idea 1: Horde Legacy Manchu idea 5: Link with the Mongol Dynasty Maratha idea 1: Tradition of Military Service Ottoman idea 3: Timar System Rajput idea 3: Marwari Horses Rajputana idea 3: Marwari Horses Ruthenian idea 3: Zaporozhian Cossacks Serbian idea 4: Alemannic Guard Shirvani idea 3: Tribesmen of the Caucasus Transylvanian idea 1: Unio Trium Nationum	Ava ambition Hejazi ambition	—
+10%	Al-Haasa traditions Bahmani traditions Bavarian traditions Croatian traditions Deccani Sultanate traditions Indian Sultanate traditions Mamluk traditions Mazovian traditions Mossi traditions Northumbrian traditions Takeda traditions Teutonic traditions	Aristocratic idea 1: Noble Knights Quality idea 3: Finest of Horses Ayyubid idea 4: Elite Warriors Berber idea 5: Tuareg Cavalry Caucasian idea 7: Cavalry Armies Franconian idea 4: Free Imperial Knights of Franconia Gujarati Princedom idea 1: Kathiawari Horses Kildarean idea 5: Curragh Horsemanship Lan Xang idea 2: Elephant Cavalry Moroccan idea 6: Slave Soldiers Nubian idea 6: Desert Cavalry Sukhothai idea 7: War Elephants Vijayanagar idea 2: Arab Horses Wurzburgian idea 3: Franconian Circle	Charruan ambition Punjabi ambition Vindhyan ambition	Aristocratic-Espionage: Noble Loyalty Act
+5%	—	Circassian idea 1: Horsemen of the Steppe Ogasawara idea 3: Kiso-uma	—	—

• The Cossacks estate applies a modifier depending on its loyalty and influence levels (from −10% and up to +20%).

Event modifiers:

	Event modifier	Trigger	Duration
+5%	Cavalry Companions	Offensive Idea Group event 'Send in the Cavalry' Option: ‘Chaaaaaarge!’	for 10 years.
+5%	Tatar Feudatories	Russian Principalities event 'Tatar Feudatories' Option: ‘An excellent idea!’	for 10 years.
+5%	Kurucs and Hajdu	Hungarian event 'Kuruc and Hajdúk' Option: ‘We need every man we can get.’	for 25 years.
+10%	Furusiyya	Mamluk Government event 'Furusiyya' Option: ‘Let us expand and build new hippodromes to patronize the flowers of chivalry.’	for 5 years.
+10%	Expanded Timariot System	Ottoman event 'Enderun Academy' Option: ‘Expand the Timariot system instead’	for 10 years.
+15%	Enlisted Bargirs	Marathas Estate event 'Bargir Tactics' Option: ‘A sound strategy.’	for 20 years.
+15%	Elephants in Europe	Mercenary event 'Elephants!' Option: ‘Let them tremble before us.’	for 20 years.
+50%	Dinosaur Cavalry	Synthetic event 'Temporal Rift' Option: ‘We have awaited this day for many cycles.’	for the rest of the campaign.

Mission reward modifiers:

	Time	Type
+10%	20 years	Defeat the Black Sheep (Aq Qoyunlu mission tree)
+10%	20 years	Invade the Deccan (Delhi mission tree)
+15%	20 years	Invade Maharashtra (Vijayanagar mission tree)

Cavalry to infantry ratio

Armies exceeding their nation's ratio of cavalry to infantry receive the "insufficient support" penalty which applies a −25% military tactics to those armies until their ratio has been restored to normal. This ratio threshold is checked daily even during battles, and is based on the actual headcount of individual soldiers instead of regiments. Since infantry tends to take more casualties than cavalry, it is advisable to take at least a bit more infantry than the ratio would suggest.

The base cavalry to infantry ratio is 50%. This is further modified by the following:

	Traditions	Ideas	Bonuses	Policies
+10%	—	Polish idea 4: Winged Hussars	—	—

• +50% Has a Great Mongol State government
• +25% Has a Steppe Horde government
• +25% Has a Tribal Federation government
• +25% Is Tengri (with no syncretic faith)
• +25% Has All Under Tengri government reform
• +20% Has Cavalry Armies ability (an Age of Discovery only ability)
• +20% Has the Sich Rada government reform (available to Zaporozhie)
• +10% Is Sunni
• +10% A loyal Cossacks estate (max value)

Artillery

Artillery is quite specifically gunpowder cannon, in its primitive form are at their most effective in a siege situation. The evolution of the cannon will see it become a destructive weapon on the battlefield.

Total artillery pip compared to tech level

Artillery not only fight in battles like infantry and cavalry but also speed up sieges. All artillery have 2 pips in maneuver and costs three times as much as infantry.

Unlike infantry or cavalry, artillery can fight from the back-row, attacking with 50% of their combat power. Accordingly, artillery adds to the fight from tech 13 when they receive a second pip, one of which is applied to the front row. From tech 16 artillery starts becoming the most valuable unit in the game when artillery fire jumps by a full +1. Additionally, artillery regiments bestow half (rounded down) of their defensive Shock/Fire/Morale pips to the regiment in front of them. However, Artillery takes double damage when attacked (if it gets moved to front rank). Hence artillery are best used to provide supporting fire from the second line and ensuring there are always more units in the front row (infantry and cavalry) to ensure the artillery back line always stays 'protected'.

Cost

These ideas and other modifiers reduce the cost of recruiting and maintaining artillery.

	Traditions	Ideas	Bonuses	Policies
−20%	—	Smolenskian idea 4: The Great Foundry	—	—
−15%	—	Rajputana idea 6: Expanded Artillery Arm Transoxianian idea 4: Turkoman Cannoneers	—	—
−10%	—	Russian idea 3: Russian Artillery Yard	—	—

Artillery fire

These ideas increase artillery fire modifier which is a pure multiplier that determines how much damage your troops ultimately deal during the fire phase of combat.

	Traditions	Ideas	Bonuses	Policies
+1	Spanish traditions	—	Aragonese ambition	—

Combat ability

These ideas and other modifiers increase the damage dealt by artillery during combat.

	Traditions	Ideas	Bonuses	Policies
+10%	—	Quality idea 7: Massed Battery Bharathi idea 7: Develop Rocket Technology Ferraran idea 3: Alfonso I's Reforms Portuguese idea 7: Royal Academy of Fortification, Artillery and Drawing Russian idea 3: Russian Artillery Yard Smolenskian idea 6: Artillery Before All	Otomo ambition Satake ambition	Offensive-Economic: Horse Artillery
+5%	—	Athenian idea 7: Athenian Army Reform	—	—

Damage from Backrow

• +20%: Improved Artillery Range (, an Age of Revolutions only ability)
• +20%: Naval Hegemony
• +15%: Bengal Sultanate ambition

Units

Note: All technology groups share the same artillery units.

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
7	Houfnice	1					1	2
7	Large Cast Bronze Mortar	1				1		2
10	Culverin	1	1		1	1		4
10	Pedrero	1	1			1	1	4
13	Large Cast Iron Cannon	2	1			1	2	6
13	Small Cast Iron Cannon	1	1		1	2	1	6
16	Chambered Demi Cannon	2	2		1	2	1	8
18	Leather Cannon	2	2	1	1	2	2	10
20	Swivel Cannon	3	2	1	1	3	2	12
22	Coehorn Mortar	3	3	1	1	3	3	14
25	Royal Mortar	4	4	1	1	3	3	16
29	Flying Battery	4	4	2	2	4	4	20

Unit groups

Aboriginal

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	Aboriginal Spearman			2		1		3
1	Boomerang Hunter				1		2	3
5	Aboriginal Ambusher			1	2	1	2	6
5	Reformed Boomerang Warrior			1	1	2	2	6
5	Ritual Warrior			3	2	1		6
10	Outback Warriors			1	2	2	3	8
14	Ambush Arquebusier	1	2	1	3	2	3	12
14	Offensive Arquebusier	2	1	3	2	2	2	12
19	Frontier Riflemen	4	2	3	2	3	2	16
26	Black War Infantry	4	3	4	4	4	3	22

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
6	Aboriginal Horsemen			2	1	1	1	5
10	Aboriginal Cavalry		1	3	2	2	2	10
14	Aboriginal Hussar	1	1	3	2	3	2	12
18	Aboriginal Swarm Cavalry	1	2	3	3	3	2	14
23	Aboriginal Dragoon	2	2	3	3	4	4	18

African groups

Note: This unit group is shared by the Central African, East African and West African technology groups.

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	African Clubmen			1		1	1	3
1	African Spearmen				1	1	1	3
5	Central African Warrior			1	1	2	2	6
5	North African Warrior			2	2	1	1	6
5	South African Warrior			2	1	2	1	6
5	West African Warrior			1	2	1	2	6
12	African Forest Warriors	1	1	2	2	2	2	10
12	African Hill Warriors	2	1	1	2	2	2	10
12	African Mountain Warriors	1	2	2	2	1	2	10
12	African Plains Warriors	2	1	2	2	2	1	10
15	Central African Musketeers	3	2	2	2	2	2	13
15	East African Musketeers	2	2	2	2	2	3	13
15	North African Musketeers	2	3	2	3	1	2	13
15	South African Musketeers	3	2	3	2	2	1	13
23	Central African Guerrillas	3	2	2	3	3	2	15
23	East African Guerrillas	3	3	2	2	2	3	15
23	North African Guerrillas	2	3	2	3	2	3	15
26	Westernized Central African Infantry	3	3	3	3	4	3	19
26	Westernized East African Infantry	4	4	2	2	3	4	19
26	Westernized North African Infantry	3	4	2	4	3	3	19
26	Westernized South African Infantry	4	3	3	3	3	3	19
30	African Western Franchise Infantry	3	3	3	3	4	4	20

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	Abyssinian Light Cavalry			1	1	2		4
1	Mandekalu Cavalry			1	1	1	1	4
6	Somali Light Cavalry			2	1	1	2	6
6	Tuareg Cavalry			2	1	2	1	6
10	Abyssinian Barded Cavalry			3	2	3	2	10
10	Mossi Horsemen			2	2	3	3	10
14	African Hussar	1		3	2	3	3	12
17	African Swarm Cavalry		1	4	3	3	2	13
23	African Dragoon	1	1	3	3	4	4	16
28	African Cuirassier	1	1	4	4	4	4	18

Anatolian

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	Yaya Infantry			1		1	1	3
5	Azab Infantry			1	1	2	1	5
9	Janissary Infantry	1		1	1	2	2	7
12	Sekban Infantry	2	2	2	1	2	3	12
19	Reformed Janissary Infantry	2	2	2	2	3	2	13
23	Nizami Cedid Infantry	2	3	2	2	3	3	15
26	Eastern Carabinier	4	3	3	3	3	3	19
30	Eastern New Model Infantry	3	3	3	3	4	4	20

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	Musellem Cavalry			2	1	1	1	5
6	Timariot Cavalry			2	1	2	1	6
10	Spahi Cavalry			3	2	3	2	10
18	Reformed Spahi Cavalry	1	1	3	3	3	3	14
23	Toprakli Hit and Run Cavalry	2		4	3	4	3	16
26	Eastern Skirmisher	1	2	4	3	4	3	17
26	Eastern Uhlan	2	1	3	4	4	3	17
28	Reformed Lancer	1	1	5	3	5	3	18
28	Toprakli Dragoons	2	2	3	3	4	4	18

Chinese

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	Asian Longbow			1			1	2
1	Asian Longspear				1		1	2
1	East Asian Spearmen				1	1		2
5	Defensive Asian Footsoldier			1	1	1	1	4
5	Offensive Asian Footsoldier			1		2	1	4
9	Asian Arquebusier	1	1	1	1	1	1	6
12	Banner Infantry	1	2	2	1	2	2	10
15	Asian Mass Infantry	3	2	2	2	2	2	13
19	Asian Musketeer	3	3	2	2	3	2	15
26	Reformed Asian Musketeer	4	4	3	3	3	3	20

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	Archer Cavalry				1	1	1	3
1	East Asian Archer Cavalry			1		1	1	3
6	Asian Steppe Cavalry			2	2	1	1	6
6	Samurai Cavalry			2	1	2	1	6
10	Reformed Asian Steppe Cavalry	1		2	2	2	2	9
14	Asian Charge Cavalry		1	3	2	3	3	12
17	Banner Cavalry	1	1	3	3	3	3	14
23	Asian Dragoons	1	2	3	3	4	3	16
28	Green Standard Cavalry	2	1	4	4	4	4	19
28	Reformed Asian Cavalry	1	2	5	4	3	4	19

Eastern

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	Bardiche Infantry					1	1	2
1	Eastern Medieval Infantry			1		1		2
5	Eastern Militia			1	1	1	1	4
9	Pike Infantry			1	2	1	2	6
12	Defensive Eastern Musketeers	2	2	1	2	2	2	11
12	Offensive Eastern Musketeers	2	1	2	1	3	2	11
15	Eastern Tercio	2	2	1	2	2	3	12
15	Soldaty Infantry	3	1	2	1	3	2	12
19	Saxon Infantry	3	2	3	2	2	2	14
23	Petrine Infantry	2	3	2	3	3	3	16
26	Green Coat Infantry	3	3	3	3	4	4	20
30	Mass Infantry	4	3	4	3	4	3	21

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	Druzhina Cavalry				1	1	1	3
1	Eastern Knights			1		1	1	3
6	Stratioti Cavalry			2	1	1	1	5
10	Eastern Hussar			2	2	3	2	9
14	Eastern Caracole	2		2	2	3	3	12
14	Reformed Eastern Hussars	1	1	3	3	2	2	12
14	Southern Cossacks		1	4	2	2	3	12
22	Cossack Cavalry	1	1	4	3	4	4	17
22	Winged Hussars		1	5	4	4	3	17
26	Lancers		1	5	4	4	4	18
26	Reformed Cossack Cavalry	1	1	4	4	4	4	18
28	Advanced Cossack Cavalry	2	1	4	4	5	4	20
28	Eastern Cuirassiers	1	2	5	4	4	4	20

High American

Note: This is a fantasy technology group. It only appears by enabling fantasy elements within Random New World (requires DLC), playing a custom nation with the nation designer (requires DLC) or by playing an exported game from Crusader Kings II with the "Sunset Invasion" DLC active.

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	Xantican Warrior	1	1		1	1		4
5	Reformed Xantican Warrior	2	1	1	1	2		7
9	Xiuhtecuhtli Soldier	3	2	1	1	3	2	12
12	Xiuhtecuhtlian Infantry	3	3	2	1	4	3	16
18	Xoloti	3	3	2	2	4	2	16
23	Foreign Influenced Infantry	4	3	2	2	4	3	18
26	Reformed Influenced Infantry	4	4	3	3	4	3	21
30	Reformed Xoloti	4	4	4	3	4	3	22

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
6	American Horsemen	1		2	1	1	1	6
10	Xiuhtecuhtli Cavalry	2	1	3	2	2	2	12
14	American Hussar	2	2	3	2	3	2	14
19	American Swarm Cavalry	3	2	3	3	3	2	16
23	American Dragoon	4	2	3	3	4	4	20

Indian

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	Indian Footsoldier			1		1	1	3
5	Indian Arquebusier	1		1	1	1		4
9	Poligar Infantry	1	2	1	1	1	1	7
9	Toofangchis	1	1	1	1	2	1	7
12	Akbarid Musketeers	2	2	1	2	2	2	11
12	South Indian Infantry	2	1	2	1	3	2	11
18	Deccani Musket Infantry	3	3	2	2	2	2	14
18	North Indian Musket Infantry	3	2	2	2	3	2	14
23	Telingas	4	3	2	2	2	3	16
26	North Indian Sepoy	3	3	3	3	3	4	19
30	Indian Drill Infantry	4	3	3	3	4	3	20

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	Elephant Archers			1		1	1	3
1	Indian Cavalry				1	1	1	3
6	Indian Cavalry Archers			2	2	1	1	6
10	Mansabdar Cavalry	1		3	2	2	2	10
14	Dai-Phat Cavalry	2		2	3	3	2	12
17	Maratha Raiders		2	4	3	3	2	14
23	Deccani Light Cavalry	1	1	4	3	4	3	16
28	Mysorean Light Cavalry	2	1	4	4	3	4	18
28	Sowars	1	2	4	4	4	3	18

Muslim

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	Muslim Archer			1	1		1	3
1	Muslim Footsoldier			1		1	1	3
5	Muslim Duel Infantry			1	1	1	1	4
9	Shamshir Infantry			2	1	2	2	7
12	Muslim Musketeer	2	1	1	2	2	3	11
15	Afsharid Reformed Infantry	3	2	2	2	2	2	13
23	Reformed Muslim Musketeers	1	2	3	3	4	3	16
26	Muslim Mass Infantry	3	4	3	3	3	3	19
30	Muslim Rifle Infantry	3	3	3	3	4	4	20

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	Charge Cavalry			2		1	1	4
1	Muslim Cavalry			1		2	1	4
1	Muslim Cavalry Archers			1	1	1	1	4
6	Shayhanid Cavalry			2	1	1	2	6
10	Qizilbash Cavalry			2	2	3	2	9
14	Muslim Musketeer Cavalry	1		2	2	3	2	10
18	Afsharid Reformed Cavalry		1	4	3	3	3	14
18	Musket Charge Cavalry	1	1	4	3	3	2	14
23	Ali Bey Reformed Cavalry	2	1	4	3	4	3	17
23	Muslim Dragoon	1	2	3	4	3	4	17
28	Durrani Cavalry	2	1	5	3	4	4	19
28	Durrani Swivel Cavalry	1	2	4	5	4	3	19

Native American groups

Native American cavalry

Note: All native American technology groups (except the fantasy High American tech group) share the same cavalry units.

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
6	North American Horsemen			2	1	1	1	5
10	North American Cavalry		1	3	2	2	2	10
14	North American Hussar	1	1	3	2	3	2	12
19	North American Swarm Cavalry	1	2	3	3	3	2	14
23	North American Dragoon	2	2	3	3	4	4	18

Mesoamerican

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	Mesoamerican Spearmen			1		1	1	3
5	American Forest Warriors			1	1	1	1	4
5	American Hill Warriors				2	1	1	4
5	American Plains Warriors			1		2	1	4
10	Reformed American Hill Warriors			3	1	2	2	8
10	Reformed American Forest Warriors			2	2	2	2	8
10	Reformed American Plains Warriors			1	2	3	2	8
14	American Hill Musketeers	2	1	3	2	2	2	12
14	American Forest Musketeers	2	2	2	2	2	2	12
14	Offensive American Musketeers	2	1	1	2	3	3	12
19	Central American Guerrillas	2	2	2	2	3	3	14
19	American Guerrilla Warfare	3	2	3	2	2	2	14
26	Westernized American Hill Infantry	3	4	2	3	3	4	19
26	Westernized American Plains Infantry	4	3	4	3	3	2	19
30	Westernized Central American Infantry	4	3	3	3	3	4	20

North American

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	Clubmen			1		1	1	3
1	Native American Archer				1	1	1	3
5	Ambush Infantry			1		2	1	4
5	American Plains Warriors			1	1	1	1	4
5	Algonkin Tomahawk Warriors				1	2	1	4
10	Native American Mountain Warriors	1	1	1	2	2	1	8
14	Native American Arquebusier	2	2	2	1	3	2	12
14	Creek Arquebusier	2	2	2	2	2	2	12
19	Rifle Scout Infantry	3	3	2	2	2	2	14
26	North American Guerrillas	4	3	2	4	3	3	19
30	American Westernized Infantry	4	3	3	3	4	3	20

South American

Note: This unit group is also shared by the Andean technology group.

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	South American Spearmen			1	1	1		3
1	American Mountain Warriors				1	1	1	3
5	Reformed Mountain Warriors				2		2	4
5	South American Forest Warriors			1	1	1	1	4
5	Incan Slingshots			2	1	1		4
5	Incan Axemen			1		2	1	4
10	Defensive American Musketeers	1	1	1	2	1	2	8
10	South American Arquebusier	1	2	1	1	2	1	8
14	Reformed American Musketeers	2	2	2	2	2	2	12
19	Incan Guerrilla	2	3	2	2	2	3	14
19	South American Guerrilla	2	2	2	2	3	3	14
26	Westernized South American Infantry	3	4	2	3	3	4	19
26	Westernized Incan Infantry	4	3	3	3	3	3	19
30	Reformed Westernized Incan Infantry	4	4	3	3	3	3	20

Nomad

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	Eastern Archers			1	1	1	1	4
9	Steppe Raiders			2	1	1	2	6
12	Steppe Footmen	1	1	2	2	2	2	10
15	Steppe Musketeers	2	1	3	2	2	2	12
19	Steppe Infantry	2	2	3	3	3	2	15
26	Steppe Rifles	2	3	3	3	4	4	19
30	Reformed Steppe Rifles	3	3	3	3	4	4	20

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	Eastern Steppe Cavalry			1	1	2	2	6
1	Eastern Swarm Cavalry			2	1	2	1	6
10	Steppe Riders			3	2	3	2	10
14	Steppe Lancers			3	3	3	3	12
18	Mounted Steppe Raiders		1	3	3	3	3	13
23	Steppe Cavalry	1	1	4	3	3	3	15
28	Steppe Uhlans	1	1	5	4	4	3	18

Polynesian

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	Polynesian Spearmen				1		2	3
5	Polynesian Reformed Spearmen			1	1	2	2	6
10	Polynesian Island Warriors			1	2	2	3	8
14	Polynesian Arquebusiers	1	2	1	3	2	3	12
19	Polynesian Riflemen	4	2	3	2	3	2	16
26	Polynesian Guerrillas	4	3	4	4	4	3	22

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
6	Polynesian Horsemen			2	1	1	1	5
10	Polynesian Cavalry		1	3	2	2	2	10
14	Polynesian Hussar	1	1	3	2	3	2	12
18	Polynesian Swarm Cavalry	1	2	3	3	3	2	14
23	Polynesian Dragoon	2	2	3	3	4	4	18

Western

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	Halberd Infantry			1		1		2
1	Latin Medieval Infantry					1	1	2
5	Galloglaigh Infantry			1		2		3
5	Longbow			1		1	1	3
5	Men at Arms				1	1	1	3
9	Condotta Infantry			2	1	1	1	5
9	Landsknechten Infantry			1	1	1	2	5
9	Reformed Galloglaigh Infantry			2		2	1	5
12	Free Shooter Infantry	1	2	2	1	3	1	10
12	Tercio Infantry	1	2	1	2	2	2	10
15	Charge Infantry	1	2	3	1	3	2	12
15	Maurician Infantry	2	2	2	1	3	2	12
19	Gustavian Infantry	3	2	3	2	3	2	15
19	Highlanders Infantry	2	2	3	2	4	2	15
19	Reformed Tercio	2	2	2	3	3	3	15
23	Caroline Infantry	3	2	3	2	3	3	16
23	Grenzer Infantry	2	3	2	3	3	3	16
23	Line Infantry	3	3	2	2	3	3	16
26	Blue Coat Infantry	3	3	3	3	4	4	20
26	Frederickian Infantry	4	3	3	3	4	3	20
26	Red Coat Infantry	3	4	3	3	4	3	20
26	White Coat Infantry	4	3	3	3	3	4	20
28	Impulse Infantry	4	3	3	3	4	4	21
28	Square Infantry	3	4	3	3	4	4	21
30	Drill Infantry	4	4	3	3	4	4	22
30	Jaeger Infantry	4	4	4	3	3	4	22
30	Mixed Order Infantry	4	3	4	3	4	4	22
30	Napoleonic Square	4	4	4	3	4	3	22

	Name	Fire		Shock		Morale		Total pips
		Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.	Off.	Def.
1	Chevauchée			1	1	1		3
1	Western Medieval Knights			1		1	1	3
10	Schwarze Reiter	1		2	1	2	2	8
14	Latin Caracole Cavalry	1		3	2	2	2	10
18	Gallop Cavalry	1	1	4	3	3	3	15
23	Armee Blanche Cavalry	1	1	5	3	5	3	18
23	Latin Dragoons	1	1	4	4	4	4	18
23	Latin Hussars	1	2	4	3	4	4	18
26	Carabiners	2	1	5	4	3	4	19
26	Reformed Latin Hussars	1	2	4	4	4	4	19
26	Uhlan Cavalry	1	2	5	4	4	3	19
28	Latin Chasseur	2	1	4	4	5	5	21
28	Latin Cuirassiers	1	2	5	4	4	5	21
28	Latin Lancers		2	6	4	5	4	21

Best unit group by tech level

Total infantry pips by tech group compared to tech level

Total cavalry pips by tech group compared to tech level

Notes: To avoid clutter several tech groups are represented with one groups' icon:

1. North American also represents Andean, Mesoamerican and South American.
2. West African also represents Central African and East African.
3. High American is not shown (due to not appearing in normal games), but it is amongst the strongest in each tech level.

Infantry

	Top technology group(s)
1−4
5−8
9
10−11
12−13
14
15−17
18
19−22
23−25
26−27
28−32

Cavalry

	Top Technology group(s)
1−5
6−9
10−13
14−16
17
18−21
22
23−25
26−27
28−32

References

Mechanics

Defense

Fort • Zone of control

External relations=

Customization

Nation designer • Random New World

Ages and Institutions

Ages • Institutions

Innovativeness and Technology

Innovativeness • Technology